本文選題：融雪劑　切入點：鹽害土壤　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了探究不同改良劑的施用量對融雪劑鹽害土壤的修復(fù)效果,采用脫硫石膏、香菇菌糠、平菇菌糠和腐殖酸四種改良劑進(jìn)行室內(nèi)土柱模擬實驗,改良后的土壤進(jìn)行室內(nèi)栽培,以矮牽牛作為實驗對象。通過對改良后土壤理化指標(biāo)和植株生長發(fā)育指標(biāo)的測定,進(jìn)一步探究改良劑不同施用量對融雪劑鹽害土壤的改良效果。實驗結(jié)果如下：(1)改良劑處理后,土壤pH值和EC值均有不同程度的降低。其中腐殖酸對于降低土壤pH和EC值效果最顯著,F3(2.4 g/kg)處理后,0-10 cm和10-20 cm土層的pH值相比對照CK顯著降低0.32和0.38個單位；EC值分別比CK降低了0.16 ms·cm-1和0.03 ms·cm-1。(2)四種改良劑處理后,土壤水溶性鹽分離子有著不同程度的變化。0-20 cm土層中的Na+和C1-降低幅度分別為74.89%-91.56%和62.78%-93.93%；Ca2+和Mg2+分別增加了7.55%-52.94%和-4.35%～21.74%,其中香菇菌糠處理效果最顯著,隨著香菇菌糠施用量的增加,土壤中Na+和C1-含量降低效果越顯著；不同改良劑對土壤中水溶性K+離子含量的影響效果不同,平菇菌糠處理效果較好,使土壤中K+離子含量增加了37.33%-447.20%。(3)對于土壤容重和孔隙度來說,香菇和平菇菌糠改良效果的顯著性明顯高于脫硫石膏和腐殖酸。X3(24 g/kg)處理使土壤孔隙度達(dá)到87.16%,相比CK增加17.21%,改良后土壤容重為0.34 g·cm-3,比對照CK相對降低了57.29%。(4)從整個土層0-20 cm來看,各改良劑的施用均提高了土壤中有機質(zhì)的含量,增強土壤的保水保肥性能,達(dá)到了改善土壤肥力的效果。香菇菌糠對于提高土壤中有效磷和堿解氮的含量效果最顯著,分別比CK增加了80.95%和82.00%。(5)土壤微生物的數(shù)量影響著土壤養(yǎng)分的有效利用、物質(zhì)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化、土壤肥力和土壤的發(fā)育等。香菇菌糠對于提高土壤中微生物的數(shù)量效果最顯著,隨著施用量水平的提升,增加效果越顯著。三個水平的香菇菌糠處理后,土壤細(xì)菌分別比對照CK增加66.67%、100.00%和144.44%：土壤真菌分別增加46.43%、78.57%和107.14%：土壤放線菌的數(shù)量分別提升25.00%、66.67%和116.67%。(6)對于矮牽牛栽培實驗的驗證,從植株的生理指標(biāo)來看,香菇菌糠對于矮牽牛的生長發(fā)育促進(jìn)效果最顯著,能夠顯著增加葉片中葉綠素的含量、植株各器官中氮磷鉀的含量,并隨著施用量水平的提升,增加效果越顯著。香菇菌糠為改良融雪劑鹽害土壤的最佳改良劑。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effect of different modifiers on soil remediation of snow melting agent, four kinds of modifiers such as desulphurized gypsum, mushroom bran, mushroom bran and humic acid were used to simulate the soil column, and the improved soil was cultivated indoors. Using Petunia hybrida as experimental object, the effects of different application amount of modifier on salt-damaged soil of snow melting agent were further studied by measuring the physical and chemical indexes of improved soil and plant growth and development index. The experimental results were as follows: 1) after the treatment of the modifier, The soil pH value and EC value decreased in varying degrees, among which humic acid had the most significant effect on reducing soil pH and EC value. After treatment, the pH values of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers decreased 0.32 and 0.38 EC values significantly lower than CK. After treatment with four modifiers (0.16 Ms 路cm-1 and 0.03 Ms 路cm ~ (-2)), The decrease of Na and C1- in 0-20 cm soil layer was 74.89-91.56% and 62.78-93.93%, respectively. The Ca 2 and Mg2 increased 7.55-52.94% and -4.35% respectively. The treatment effect of Lentinus edodes bran was the most significant. The decrease of Na and C1- content in soil was more significant, the effect of different modifiers on water-soluble K ~ + content in soil was different, and the treatment effect of Pleurotus ostreatus bran was better. Increase the K ~ (+) content in soil by 37.33% -447.20% ~ (3) for soil bulk density and porosity, The improved soil porosity of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus chaff was significantly higher than that of desulphurized gypsum and humic acid. X3N (24 g / kg) treatment. Compared with CK, the soil porosity reached 87.16%. Compared with CK, the improved soil bulk density was 0.34 g 路cm-3, which was 57.29% lower than CK. 4) from 0-20 cm to 20 cm of soil layer, the improved soil bulk density was 0.34 g 路cm-3. The application of various modifiers increased the content of organic matter in soil, enhanced soil moisture and fertilizer retention, and achieved the effect of improving soil fertility. Lentinus edodes bran had the most significant effect on increasing the content of available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil. Compared with CK, the amount of soil microorganism increased by 80.95% and 82.00 respectively) the amount of soil microorganism affected the effective utilization of soil nutrients, the mutual transformation of materials, soil fertility and soil development, etc. Lentinus edodes bran was the most effective in increasing the number of microbes in soil. With the increase of the application level, the effect of the increase was more remarkable. After three levels of mushroom bran treatment, The number of soil actinomycetes increased by 25.00% 66.67% and 116.67% and 116.67%, respectively. Lentinus edodes bran had the most significant effect on the growth and development of petunia. It could significantly increase the content of chlorophyll in leaves and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organs of plants, and with the increase of application level, Lentinus edodes bran is the best modifier for improving the salt-damaged soil with snow melting agent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156;S681.9

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本文編號：1632274