本文選題：朱砂葉螨　切入點：植物精油　出處：《山西農業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：朱砂葉螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval)一種危害蔬菜、花卉、雜草及果樹等多種經濟作物和觀賞性植物的重要害螨。由于其繁殖周期短、發(fā)育速度快使防治費用增加。本試驗選擇本課題組篩選得到的薰衣草油、肉桂油、迷迭香油、花椒油、藿香油測定了對朱砂葉螨的觸殺活性；系統(tǒng)地評價了精油對雌成螨的產卵抑制作用;測定了精油對朱砂葉螨的熏蒸活性;并將使用Ethovision XT6行為分析軟件觀察亞致死劑量的精油熏蒸處理5日齡朱砂葉螨后的運動變化并精確地量化其運動參數。其主要結果如下：1.采用FAO觸殺法時,藿香油的觸殺活性最大。當濃度達到2%,處理時間延長至72 h,達98.15%,其次為薰衣草油處理(97.41%)和肉桂油處理(90.00%),迷迭香油處理最低僅為68.15%;采用噴霧觸殺時,當精油濃度升高到2%,處理時間為48 h,對朱砂葉螨的死亡率以藿香油處理最高,達100.00%,其次為薰衣草油處理(86.67%),肉桂油處理最低為81.48%。2.精油用量達到2.5μL,熏蒸時間達到48 h時,對朱砂葉螨的死亡率以薰衣草油處理最高,達99.26%,其次為肉桂油處理(97.78%),花椒油處理最低僅為47.04%;用量為2.5μL時,對朱砂葉螨的產卵抑制率以迷迭香油處理最高,達98.50%,其次為薰衣草油處理(91.98%)和肉桂油處理(86.01%),花椒油處理最低僅為75.85%。用量為2.5μL時,對朱砂葉螨的產卵抑制指數以薰衣草油處理最高,達0.8531,其次為迷迭香油處理(0.7523)和花椒油處理(0.4253),肉桂油處理最低僅為0.3606;12h時4種精油的驅避活性順序為：迷迭香油(98.44%)薰衣草油(86.67%)肉桂油(75.56%)花椒油(70.00%)。3.在采用行為儀試驗的過程中觀察得到,精油LC10暴露組的朱砂葉螨均表現為：自發(fā)運動軌跡增多、紊亂,并伴有刻板式轉向活動增多,觸壁反射活動減少；LC20和LC30暴露組的朱砂葉螨出現震顫現象,移動范圍減小;以精油LC30暴露組表現更為明顯。4. LC30, LC50和LC90藿香精油處理雌成螨4h后,蛋白酶和POD活性被激活,SOD活性被抑制。蛋白酶的激活率分別為10.96,47.70和62.92%,POD活性分別為對照的2.3,1.5和0.3倍,SOD的抑制率分別為：44.52,23.91和49.08%。LC30和LC50處理后CAT活性被激活,激活率分別為20.26和52.22%；LC90處理后CAT活性被抑制,抑制率為62.21%。5.在微乳液的制備中以CremopHor EL-40為表面活性劑,無水乙醇為助表面活性劑,形成微乳液能力較好。
[Abstract]:Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval. an important pest to a variety of cash crops and ornamental plants such as vegetables, flowers, weeds and fruit trees. This experiment selected lavender oil, cinnamon oil, rosemary oil, prickly ash oil and patchouli oil, which were selected by our research group, to determine their contact activity against Tetranychus cinnabini. The oviposition inhibition effect of essential oil on female adult mites was systematically evaluated, and the fumigation activity of essential oil to Tetranychus cinnabarinus was determined. Ethovision XT6 behavior analysis software was used to observe the movement changes of 5-day-old Tetranychus cinnabarinus treated with sublethal dose of essential oil fumigation and to quantify its motion parameters accurately. The main results were as follows: 1.When using FAO contact killing method, Patchouli oil had the highest contact activity. When the concentration reached 2, the treatment time reached 98.15 hours, followed by lavender oil treatment 97.41%) and cinnamon oil treatment 90.00000 and rosemary oil treatment was only 68.150.When spray contact was used, When the concentration of essential oil increased to 2 and the treatment time was 48 hours, the mortality of Tetranychus cinnabarinus was the highest (100.005) in patchouli oil, followed by lavender oil (86.67) and cinnamon oil (81.48.2.). When the dosage of essential oil reached 2.5 渭 L and the fumigation time reached 48 h, The mortality of Tetranychus cinnabarinus was the highest (99.26%) in lavender oil, 97.78% in cinnamon oil, 47.04 in pepper oil, and the highest in rosemary oil (2.5 渭 L). It reached 98.50, followed by lavender oil treatment (91.98) and cinnamon oil treatment (86.01%). The lowest value of prickly ash oil treatment was 75.85.When the dosage of 2.5 渭 L was 2.5 渭 L, the oviposition inhibition index was the highest in lavender oil treatment. It was 0.8531, followed by Rosemary oil treatment 0.7523) and prickly pepper oil treatment (0.4253C), and cinnamon oil treatment was the lowest 0.3606U 12h. The order of repellent activity of the four essential oils was: Rosemary oil 98.44) lavender oil 86.67) cinnamon oil 75.56) Zanthoxylum capsicum oil 70.000.0.3.When the experiment was carried out by the behavioral instrument, the four essential oils had the following order of repellent activity: Rosemary oil 98.44) lavender oil 86.67) cinnamon oil 75.56). Observed in the process, In the essential oil LC10 exposure group, the mites showed increased spontaneous movement track and disorder, accompanied by the increase of stereotyped turning activity, the decrease of contact wall reflex activity in LC20 group and the LC30 exposure group showed tremor phenomenon, and the moving range was reduced. The female adult mites were treated with essential oil LC30 exposure group. LC30, LC50 and LC90 essential oil for 4 h, respectively. The activation rates of protease and POD were 10.96% 47.70 and 62.92%, respectively, and the inhibition rates of CAT activity were respectively 2.3% and 0.3 times higher than those of the control. The inhibition rates of CAT activity were: 1: 44.52% 23.91, 49.08%. LC30 and 49.08%, respectively, after treatment with LC50, the activity of CAT was activated. The activation rates were 20.26 and 52.22, respectively. The activity of CAT was inhibited after treatment with LC90, and the inhibition rate was 62.21. 5. In the preparation of microemulsion, CremopHor EL-40 was used as surfactant and anhydrous ethanol as cosurfactant to form microemulsion.
【學位授予單位】：山西農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S433.7

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