本文選題：秸稈還田　切入點(diǎn)：土壤固碳　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)作物秸稈是一種多用途和可再生的生物資源。20世紀(jì)80年代以來,我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)快速發(fā)展,作物秸稈的產(chǎn)量越來越大,作物秸稈出現(xiàn)區(qū)域性、結(jié)構(gòu)性和季節(jié)性的過剩。而且秸稈直接作為生活燃料和飼料的比例大幅度減少,廣大農(nóng)民為趕農(nóng)時(shí),搶播種,總有大量的小麥、玉米、水稻等秸稈在田間被直接焚燒,屢禁不止。秸稈田間焚燒不僅浪費(fèi)寶貴的資源,而且污染大氣環(huán)境,威脅交通運(yùn)輸安全,影響城鄉(xiāng)居民生活。我國農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展中面臨的緊迫問題是如何合理有效地處理農(nóng)作物秸稈。本研究以我國南方地區(qū)為研究對(duì)象,采用Meta分析法,從宏觀區(qū)域角度定量分析不同秸稈還田方式對(duì)我國南方稻田土壤固碳增量和溫室氣體排放量的影響,以明確該區(qū)域不同秸稈還田方式的凈減排潛力;通過問卷調(diào)查和農(nóng)戶訪談,從微觀角度研究農(nóng)戶秸稈還田行為,以明確農(nóng)戶秸稈還田行為及影響農(nóng)戶秸稈還田行為決策的主要影響因素。通過宏觀區(qū)域研究和微觀農(nóng)戶行為的研究相結(jié)合,明確凈減排條件下我國南方稻田適宜的秸稈還田方式,并據(jù)此提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。本研究通過區(qū)域整合分析和實(shí)證研究,得出如下結(jié)論:1.翻耕秸稈還田(CTS)、免耕秸稈還田(NTS)和旋耕秸稈還田(RTS)均能在很大程度上提高我國南方稻田表土有機(jī)碳含量,這三種秸稈還田方式的表土有機(jī)碳相對(duì)年變化量(RM)分別達(dá)到0.42、0.37和0.64 g.kg-1·a-1;兩熟制、三熟制在不同的秸稈還田方式下的RM均值為0.40和0.61 g·kg-1·a-1,且三熟制稻田在同一秸稈還田方式下RM均比兩熟制大;表土固碳持續(xù)時(shí)間在CTS、NTS和RTS下分別為27年、44年和30年,且在整個(gè)固碳周期內(nèi)所能增加的有機(jī)碳量分別為15.8%、23.3%和27.3%。旋耕秸稈還田相較于其他兩種秸稈還田方式能最大限度地提高土壤有機(jī)碳含量,故在我國南方稻田地區(qū)為了提高土壤的固碳能力應(yīng)推廣旋耕秸稈還田方式。2.翻耕秸稈還田(CTS)、免耕秸稈還田(NTS)和旋耕秸稈還田(RTS)均能提高南方稻田溫室氣體排放,其CH4季節(jié)累計(jì)排放量分別為326.84、265.69和313.78 kg·hm-2,N2O季節(jié)累計(jì)排放量分別為1.55、1.40和1.73kg·hm-2;同一秸稈還田方式下,三熟制稻田的溫室氣體季節(jié)累計(jì)排放量都高于兩熟制;還田秸稈種類影響稻田溫室氣體的排放,且稻季麥秸稈還田在不同還田方式下的CH4季節(jié)累計(jì)排放量均高于麥季稻秸稈還田,而N20季節(jié)累計(jì)排放量的情形恰好相反;旋耕秸稈還田對(duì)土壤固碳減緩全球變暖效益的抵消作用最大,而免耕秸稈還田最小。3.農(nóng)戶秸稈田間焚燒的意愿受到農(nóng)戶對(duì)秸稈還田概念的認(rèn)知、農(nóng)戶對(duì)秸稈還田好處的了解、農(nóng)戶的受教育程度、農(nóng)戶對(duì)秸稈田間焚燒危害的了解以及禁燒政策的執(zhí)行力度等五個(gè)因素的顯著影響。此外,農(nóng)戶免耕秸稈還田技術(shù)的采納受到農(nóng)戶對(duì)免耕秸稈還田的認(rèn)知以及農(nóng)戶擁有最大一塊土地的面積這兩個(gè)因素的顯著影響。因此,本研究認(rèn)為,我國南方地區(qū)應(yīng)推廣適宜的免耕秸稈還田方式。政府應(yīng)增加對(duì)免耕秸稈還田技術(shù)的宣傳,加大對(duì)農(nóng)戶秸稈還田的補(bǔ)貼力度,提高農(nóng)戶秸稈還田的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益,并積極組織農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員研究秸稈還田技術(shù),突破秸稈還田影響出苗率、導(dǎo)致病蟲害等問題。
[Abstract]:Crop straw is a versatile and renewable biological resources.20 century since 80s, the rapid development of agricultural production in our country, more and more high yield crop straw, crop straw and the emergence of regional, structural and seasonal excess. And straw as the fuel of life and the proportion of feed is greatly reduced, the majority of farmers to catch the farming season rob, sowing, there are a lot of wheat, corn, rice straw was burned in the field, repeated. Straw burning is not only a waste of valuable resources, but also pollutes the atmospheric environment, threatening the safety of transportation, affect the life of urban and rural residents. Pressing problems facing the agricultural sustainable development in China is how to reasonably and effectively treatment of crop straw. In this study, the southern region of China as the research object, using the Meta analysis method, from the macro perspective of regional quantitative analysis of different type of straw also in southern China Tian Fang The effects of paddy soil carbon sequestration and increment of greenhouse gas emissions, with a net reduction potential in order to clarify the different ways of straw returning; through the questionnaire survey and interviews of farmers, farmers straw returning from microcosmic angle, the main influence factors to the peasant 'behavior and the influence of straw straw farmers. Through the study of behavioral decision making regional macro research and micro behavior of farmers combined with clear net reduction of China under the condition of suitable southern paddy rice straw returning mode, and put forward corresponding policy recommendations. Through the study of regional integration analysis and empirical study, conclusions are as follows: 1. of conventional tillage (CTS), no tillage (NTS) (RTS) and rotary tillage can improve soil organic carbon content in paddy field in South China to a great extent, soil organic carbon of the three ways of straw returning relative years variation (RM) At 0.42,0.37 and 0.64 g.kg-1 A-1 respectively; two cooked, cooked three RM mean in different ways of straw returning under 0.40 and 0.61 G - kg-1 - A-1, and the three cropping paddy soil in the same way under the RM straw than the two cropping system; soil carbon sequestration duration in CTS. NTS and RTS were 27 years, 44 years and 30 years, which can increase the amount of organic carbon and carbon sequestration in the whole period were 15.8%, 23.3% and 27.3%. rotary tillage compared to the other two kinds of straw can maximize the soil organic carbon content, so in the southern paddy field area in China in order to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of soil should promote rotary tillage.2. conventional tillage (CTS), no tillage (NTS) and rotary tillage (RTS) can improve the southern paddy field of greenhouse gas emissions, the CH4 seasonal cumulative emissions were 326.84265.69 and 313.78 kg - hm-2, N2O season Day cumulative emissions were 1.55,1.40 and 1.73kg hm-2; the same straw under greenhouse gas season three cropping paddy soil cumulative emissions are higher than two cooked rice straw; effect of the type of greenhouse gas emissions, and rice wheat straw in different ways of returning the seasonal cumulative emissions were CH4 wheat and rice straw is higher than that of N20, and the seasonal cumulative emissions of the situation is just the opposite; rotary tillage to counteract the effects of global warming on soil carbon sequestration efficiency, no tillage and minimum.3. farmers straw burning desire by the farmers cognition of the concept of straw, straw for farmers understand the benefits of the subject the education level of farmers, significantly affected farmers' understanding and damage of burning straw Jinshao policy on the execution of the five factors. In addition, farmers no tillage technology The adoption is significantly affected by the two factors of farmers on no tillage farmers cognition and has the largest land area. Therefore, this study suggests that the southern region of China should promote the suitability of no tillage. The government should increase the no tillage technology promotion, increase the farmers straw subsidies, improve farmers straw returning economic benefits, and actively organize agricultural technical personnel of straw technology breakthrough, straw returning rate of emergence, diseases and pests and other issues.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4

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本文編號(hào)：1620683