本文選題：高緯度地區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：土壤屬性　出處：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：耕地是國(guó)家或地區(qū)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展及社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),耕地的數(shù)量安全、質(zhì)量安全及生態(tài)安全,直接影響糧食的生產(chǎn)、供應(yīng)安全。糧食安全與生態(tài)環(huán)境逐漸得到國(guó)家的高度重視及社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注,發(fā)展生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)和可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè),轉(zhuǎn)變農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式,保護(hù)耕地的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量,提高耕地的綜合生產(chǎn)能力成為解決當(dāng)今糧食安全的重點(diǎn)。黑龍江省是我國(guó)重要的糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)和商品糧生產(chǎn)基地,在國(guó)家糧食安全體系中具有舉足輕重的作用；其在耕地面積、土壤條件、機(jī)械化水平、糧食商品率等方面具備糧食生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì),但生產(chǎn)成本高、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力弱、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不配套、產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平低等方面一直是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸。黑龍江省北部小興安嶺典型區(qū)域受到氣候條件、地形地貌、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、生產(chǎn)技術(shù)等綜合因素的影響,糧食綜合生產(chǎn)水平相對(duì)其它地區(qū)落后。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)作為該區(qū)域農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要組成部分,開(kāi)展耕地地力及生產(chǎn)潛力分析,探明該區(qū)域的耕地土壤養(yǎng)分狀況、特征、變化規(guī)律及糧食生產(chǎn)潛力,對(duì)于種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、科學(xué)管理農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)定糧食增長(zhǎng)及糧食安全相關(guān)政策制定具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。本文結(jié)合黑龍江省耕地地力評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目,針對(duì)小興安嶺北麓典型區(qū)域耕地進(jìn)行采樣調(diào)查,綜合利用地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)、地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)、模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論、特爾斐法-層次分析法等建立研究區(qū)域耕地資源屬性及空間數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),分析第二次土壤普查以后30年間耕地土壤肥力的變化情況。結(jié)果表明：與第二次土壤普查相比有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、速效鉀平均含量分別下降了41.7%、28.7%、40.7%,有效磷平均含量上升了64.6%,土壤pH有所下降。用累積曲線法把該區(qū)域的耕地劃分為5個(gè)等級(jí)：一等地面積為26842hm2,占全區(qū)域總面積的8%；二等地面積為77375.13hm2,占全區(qū)域總面積的23.2%；三等地面積為102343.5hm2,占全區(qū)域總面積的30.6%；四等地面積為84168.49hm2,占全區(qū)域總面積的25.2%；五等地面積為43321.3hm2,占全區(qū)域總面積的13%；可根據(jù)不同地力等級(jí)及土類(lèi)分布特點(diǎn),開(kāi)展有針對(duì)性的耕地利用、項(xiàng)目設(shè)置及種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。應(yīng)用耕地地力綜合指數(shù)法進(jìn)行耕地生產(chǎn)潛力分析,高產(chǎn)區(qū)、中高產(chǎn)區(qū)占總面積31.2%,糧食生產(chǎn)潛力(GPP)占總產(chǎn)能的42.5%；而中低產(chǎn)區(qū)占總面積68.8%,糧食生產(chǎn)潛力(GPP)占總產(chǎn)能57.5%；小興安嶺區(qū)域受氣候、地形等因素限制,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)相對(duì)滯后,應(yīng)加大此區(qū)域的重視力度,經(jīng)中低產(chǎn)田改造、農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)后,成為糧食增產(chǎn)的潛力區(qū)域。本研究結(jié)果表明,在過(guò)去的30年間,因耕地利用不合理及粗放式的生產(chǎn)方式導(dǎo)致當(dāng)?shù)馗赝寥览砘誀钭兞印B(yǎng)分供應(yīng)失衡。因此,為提高小興安嶺地區(qū)耕地利用效率和耕地生產(chǎn)潛能,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的調(diào)整與優(yōu)化,逐步建立合理、高效、穩(wěn)定的系統(tǒng)及應(yīng)用方式。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the material foundation of the country or region's rural economic development and social stability. The quantity safety, quality safety and ecological security of cultivated land directly affect the grain production. Security of supply. Food security and ecological environment have been paid more and more attention by the state and society. Ecological agriculture and sustainable agriculture have been developed, agricultural production mode has been changed, and the quantity and quality of cultivated land has been protected. Improving the comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land has become the focus of solving the current food security. Heilongjiang Province is an important grain production area and commodity grain production base in China, which plays an important role in the national food security system; it plays an important role in the cultivated land area. Soil conditions, the level of mechanization, and the rate of grain commodities have the advantages of grain production, but the cost of production is high, the competitiveness of agricultural products is weak, and the infrastructure is not matched. The low level of industrialization has always been the bottleneck of agricultural development. The typical area of Xiaoxingan Mountains in northern Heilongjiang Province is affected by comprehensive factors such as climate conditions, topography, infrastructure, production technology, etc. As an important part of rural economic development in this region, agricultural production is an important part of rural economic development. The analysis of cultivated land fertility and productive potential is carried out to find out the soil nutrient status and characteristics of cultivated land in this region. The law of change and the potential of grain production are of great strategic significance for the adjustment of crop structure, the scientific management of agricultural production, the stabilization of grain growth and the formulation of policies related to food security. Based on the sampling investigation of typical cultivated land in the north foot of Xiaoxinganling Mountains, a comprehensive use of geographic information system (GIS), geostatistics, fuzzy mathematics theory, Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to establish the attribute and spatial database of cultivated land resources in the study area. The change of soil fertility in cultivated land during the past 30 years after the second soil census was analyzed. The results showed that compared with the second soil census, organic matter, total nitrogen, The average content of available potassium decreased by 41.7%, the average content of available phosphorus increased by 64.6and the soil pH decreased. The cultivated land in this area was divided into five grades by the method of cumulative curve: the area of the first grade was 26842hm2, which accounted for 8% of the total area of the whole region; The isobaric area is 77375.13hm2accounting for 23.22of the total area of the whole region; the third-class land area is 102343.5hm2, accounting for 30.66hm2of the total area of the whole region; the fourth grade area is 84168.49hm2, which accounts for 25.2hm2 of the total area of the whole region; the fifth grade land area is 43321.3hm2, which accounts for 13.3% of the total area of the whole region; according to the different land force, the area can be determined by different forces. Grade and soil distribution, To carry out targeted cultivated land utilization, project setting and planting structure adjustment. The productive potential of cultivated land is analyzed by using the method of comprehensive index of cultivated land fertility, and the area with high yield is analyzed. The middle and high producing areas account for 31.2 percent of the total area, the grain production potential is 42.5 percent of the total production capacity, while the middle and low production areas account for 68.8 percent of the total area, and the grain production potential accounts for 57.55.The Xiaoxinganling region is restricted by climate, topography, and other factors, and agricultural production is relatively lagging behind. It is necessary to pay more attention to this area, which has become the potential area for increasing grain production after the transformation of middle and low yield fields and the construction of farmland infrastructure. The results of this study show that in the past 30 years, The unreasonable and extensive mode of production of cultivated land leads to the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties and the imbalance of nutrient supply. Therefore, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of cultivated land and the productive potential of cultivated land in Xiaoxinganling region, The adjustment and optimization of the structure and function of agricultural ecosystem should be strengthened, and a reasonable, efficient and stable system and its application way should be established step by step.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S158

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