本文選題：微生物　切入點：群落結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：土壤微生物種類和生物量可以反映土壤生態(tài)環(huán)境所發(fā)生的變化。目前對淤地壩地土壤微生物的研究主要集中在表層土壤,對微生物在土壤剖面中分布規(guī)律的研究較少。為了弄清黃土高原土壤微生物生物量和群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征的主要影響因素,本文以天然聚湫壩地和人工淤地壩地為實例,研究了微生物生物量和群落結(jié)構(gòu)在土壤剖面中的垂直分布特征,討論了它們與化學(xué)成分和機械組成之間的相關(guān)性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,得出以下初步結(jié)論:(1)根據(jù)機械組成數(shù)據(jù),聚漱壩地土壤剖面在垂直方向上可劃分出5個沉積旋回,而淤地壩地土壤剖面可劃分出25個沉積旋回。聚湫壩地土壤以砂粒為主(平均含量56.62%),淤地壩地土壤以粉砂粒為主(平均含量46.39%)。(2)聚湫壩地SOC、TN、MBC和MBN含量在垂直方向上的分布與粘粒含量基本一致,在水平方向上呈現(xiàn)A剖面B剖面C剖面的分布規(guī)律。淤地壩地的SOC、TN、MBC和MBN含量均呈現(xiàn)細顆粒層粗顆粒層的規(guī)律。(3)在聚揪壩地和淤地壩地土壤樣品中分別檢測出17種和20種PLFA。無論是聚湫壩地還是淤地壩地,土壤微生物均以細菌為主(分別占微生物總量的65%～75%和60%～7-J%),其次為放線菌(分別為15%～25%和10%～25%)和真菌(分別為5%-10%和12%～20%)。(4)從微生物生物量來看,聚湫壩地土壤在垂直方向上可區(qū)分出3個高值區(qū)(分別位于0-50cmm、120-140cm和220-260cm段)和3個低值區(qū),在水平方向上則表現(xiàn)為A剖面B剖面C剖面。淤地壩地土壤微生物總量、細菌、真菌和放線菌生物量均呈現(xiàn)細顆粒層粗顆粒層的規(guī)律。(5)聚湫壩地土壤微生物多樣性指數(shù)(Shannon指數(shù)、Simpson指數(shù)和Pielou指數(shù))的變化趨勢基本一致。在垂直方向上,微生物生物量高值區(qū)的Shannon指數(shù)、Simpson指數(shù)和Pielou指數(shù)基本上都高于其下的低值區(qū)。在水平方向上,三個指數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為A剖面B剖面C剖面。淤地壩地土壤的三個微生物多樣性指數(shù)均表現(xiàn)為細顆粒層粗顆粒層。(6)粘粒組分是影響聚湫和淤地壩地土壤微生物生物量和群落結(jié)構(gòu)的主要因素。土壤微生物總量、細菌生物量和真菌生物量與粘粒含量均具有顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。對于聚湫,相關(guān)性系數(shù)r分別為 0.58、0.57 和 0.62(P0.05);對于淤地壩,r 則分別為 0.94、0.97 和 0.98(P0.001)。
[Abstract]:The species and biomass of soil microorganisms can reflect the changes of soil ecological environment. In order to find out the main influencing factors of soil microbial biomass and community structure, this paper takes natural accumulation and artificial silt dam field as examples. The vertical distribution characteristics of microbial biomass and community structure in soil profile were studied, and their correlation with chemical composition and mechanical composition were discussed. In the vertical direction of soil profile, five sedimentary cycles can be divided. The soil profile of silt dam can be divided into 25 sedimentary cycles. The soil of Qiqiu dam land is mainly composed of sand (average content is 56.62%), and the soil of silt sand is the main content of silt grain (average content is 46.39%) and the content of MBN is in the vertical direction. The distribution is basically the same as the clay content. In horizontal direction, the distribution law of section C in section A, section B, and the contents of MBN and MBN in silt dam are the same as those of coarse granular layer in fine grained layer, respectively. 17 species were detected in soil samples of Ju-Pu dam area and silt dam field respectively. And 20 kinds of PLFA. whether it's the Puqiu dam or the silt dam, Most of the soil microbes were bacteria (65% and 60% of the total amount of microbes, respectively), followed by actinomycetes (15% and 10%) and fungi (5% -10% and 12% respectively) from the microbial biomass point of view. In the vertical direction, three high value areas (located between 0-50 cm ~ 140 cm and 220-260 cm) and three low value areas can be distinguished from the soil of Puqiu dam land. In the horizontal direction, they can be seen as section A, section B, section C, the total amount of soil microbes and bacteria in the silt dam. The biomass of fungi and actinomycetes showed the rule of coarse granular layer in fine grained layer. The variation trend of soil microbial diversity index Shannon index Simpson index and Pielou index was basically the same in vertical direction. The Shannon index and Pielou index in the high value area of microbial biomass are basically higher than those in the low value area under them. The three indices are all A profile B section C section and the three microbial diversity indices of silt dam soil are all shown as fine granular layer coarse granular layer. 6) the clay component is the influence of accumulation and silt dam soil microbial biomass. Major factors in community structure. Total soil microbes, There was a significant positive correlation between bacterial biomass and fungal biomass and clay content, the correlation coefficient r was 0. 58 0. 57 and 0. 62% P 0. 05, respectively, and for silt dam, r was 0. 94 0. 97 and 0. 98 P0. 001, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S154.3

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