本文選題：蓄水單坑灌施　切入點(diǎn)：水氮運(yùn)移　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：溫度對(duì)作物的生長、發(fā)育和土壤質(zhì)地的形成有著重要的影響，它是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中進(jìn)行耕作、灌溉和施肥的一個(gè)重要影響因素。在一定的范圍內(nèi)，隨著土壤溫度的升高，作物的生長發(fā)育速度加快；在其它條件滿足時(shí)，灌溉水溫過低，會(huì)抑制作物根系對(duì)土壤水分和養(yǎng)分的吸收利用。 蓄水坑灌法是一種新型的節(jié)水灌溉方法，可有效解決干旱和起到保持水土的作用。溫度是控制土壤微生物活性的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。溫度的變化會(huì)影響土壤中氮素的分布，而氮素對(duì)作物生長起著重要作用，土壤中氮素的積累有助于提高土壤肥力，促進(jìn)作物經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)量的提高。為了明確不同土壤溫度和灌溉水溫對(duì)土壤水氮運(yùn)移規(guī)律的影響，以及設(shè)計(jì)合理的灌溉制度，本文通過室內(nèi)土箱模型試驗(yàn)與理論分析相結(jié)合的方法，研究了在蓄水單坑灌施條件下不同土壤溫度(20，25，30℃)和不同灌溉水溫(15，20℃)，所對(duì)應(yīng)單坑灌水量(7l)在灌后不同時(shí)間(1，5，，10，15d)對(duì)土壤水氮運(yùn)移規(guī)律的影響。 主要結(jié)論為: ⑴蓄水單坑灌施條件下不同溫度對(duì)土壤水分運(yùn)移規(guī)律的影響，主要包括:①隨著入滲時(shí)間的延長，蓄水坑土體濕潤范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，土壤含水率在空間分布上表現(xiàn)為先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。②灌溉水溫一定時(shí)，土壤溫度越高，水分在蓄水坑土體內(nèi)的運(yùn)移范圍越大，含水率越小；土壤溫度一定時(shí)，灌溉水溫越高，水分在蓄水坑土體內(nèi)的運(yùn)移范圍越大，土壤水分在濕潤體內(nèi)分布越均勻。③不同土壤溫度和灌溉水溫條件下的濕潤鋒動(dòng)態(tài)差別不大，土壤含水率空間分布規(guī)律基本一致。 ⑵蓄水單坑灌施不同土壤溫度(20，25，30℃)條件下氮素運(yùn)移的規(guī)律，主要表現(xiàn)為:①土壤銨態(tài)氮含量在垂向分布上隨著時(shí)間的延長，表現(xiàn)為先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。在20—30℃范圍內(nèi)，隨著土壤溫度的升高，銨態(tài)氮含量達(dá)到最大值的時(shí)間逐漸縮短。土壤銨態(tài)氮含量在水平方向上，隨著徑向距離的增大表現(xiàn)為逐漸減小的趨勢(shì)。②不同土壤溫度條件下的硝態(tài)氮含量隨著時(shí)間的推移而逐漸增大，在灌后15天土壤硝態(tài)氮濃度到達(dá)最大值。在20—30℃范圍內(nèi)，隨著土壤溫度的升高，硝態(tài)氮含量增幅加快。 ⑶蓄水單坑灌施不同灌溉水溫(15，20℃)條件下土壤氮素運(yùn)移的規(guī)律，主要表現(xiàn)有：①土壤銨態(tài)氮含量在垂向分布上，隨著時(shí)間的延長表現(xiàn)為先增加后減小的趨勢(shì)，灌溉水溫20℃時(shí)所對(duì)應(yīng)的銨態(tài)氮峰值要大于15℃下銨態(tài)氮峰值；土壤銨態(tài)氮含量隨著徑向距離的不斷增大而逐漸減小。②土壤硝態(tài)氮含量在垂向分布上呈現(xiàn)出中間低兩邊高的特點(diǎn)，隨著時(shí)間的不斷延長，土壤硝態(tài)氮含量逐漸增大；土壤硝態(tài)氮含量隨著徑向距離的不斷增大而逐漸增大，在土體濕潤鋒的邊緣處，硝態(tài)氮含量達(dá)到最大值。在15—20℃范圍內(nèi)，隨著灌溉水溫的升高，土壤硝態(tài)氮濃度增大。 ⑷銨態(tài)氮在蓄水坑土體內(nèi)的運(yùn)移方式主要以擴(kuò)散作用為主，大部分土壤銨態(tài)氮集中在濕潤體內(nèi)部；硝態(tài)氮在蓄水坑土體內(nèi)的運(yùn)移方式以對(duì)流作用為主，大部分土壤硝態(tài)氮集中在土體濕潤鋒邊緣處。
[Abstract]:Temperature on the growth of crops, have important influence to the formation and development of soil texture, it is agricultural production in farming, an important factor for irrigation and fertilization. In a certain range, with the increase of soil temperature, the growth rate of crops increases; in other conditions, irrigation water temperature is too low that would inhibit the crop root on soil water and nutrient absorption and utilization.
Water storage pit irrigation is a new water-saving irrigation method, which can effectively solve the problem of drought and plays the role of soil and water conservation. The temperature is a key factor in controlling soil microbial activity. The temperature change will affect the distribution of nitrogen in the soil, and nitrogen fertilizer on crop growth plays an important role in the accumulation of soil nitrogen help to improve soil fertility, promote economic crop yield increasing. In order to understand the effect of different soil temperature and irrigation water temperature regulation of soil water and nitrogen transport, and design a reasonable irrigation system, through the combined method of indoor model test and theoretical analysis of soil box, in the study of the irrigation and fertilization under different soil water temperature single pit (20,25,30 C) and different irrigation water temperature (15,20 C), which corresponds to single pit irrigation (7L) at different times after irrigation (1,5,10,15d) Regulation of soil water and nitrogen transport.
The main conclusions are as follows:
The effects of different temperature on irrigation, soil moisture movement under the condition of application of single water storage pit mainly includes: 1. With the extension of the infiltration time, water storage pit soil moist expanding the scope of soil moisture distribution in space is first increased and then decreased. The irrigation water temperature for a period of time, the higher the temperature of soil and the water movement in the range of water storage pit soil body increases, water content is small; the soil temperature, irrigation water temperature is high, the water movement in the range of water storage pit soil body increases, soil moisture in the moist body distribution is more uniform. The dynamic wetting front little difference in different soil temperature and irrigation water temperature conditions the soil moisture content, spatial distribution is basically the same.
The single water storage pit irrigation under different soil temperature (20,25,30 DEG C) nitrogen migration conditions, mainly as follows: the ammonium nitrogen content in soil in the vertical distribution with time, the performance of the first increased and then decreased. At 20 - 30 Deg. C, with the increase of soil temperature, ammonium nitrogen content reached the maximum time decreases. The ammonium nitrogen content of soil in the horizontal direction, with the increase of the radial distance is gradually decreased. The nitrate nitrogen content in different soil temperature gradually increased with the passage of time, the maximum value at 15 days of soil nitrate nitrogen concentration of irrigation after 20 - 30. In the temperature range, with the increase of soil temperature, increase the content of nitrate nitrogen was accelerated.
The single water storage pit irrigation of different irrigation water temperature (15,20 DEG C) soil nitrogen migration conditions, mainly as follows: ammonium nitrogen content in soil in the vertical distribution, with the extension of time was first increased and then decreased, the ammonium nitrogen peak corresponding to irrigation water temperature at 20 degrees higher than the ammonium nitrogen peak of 15 DEG C; ammonium nitrogen content in soil decreased gradually with increasing radial distance. The soil nitrate nitrogen content in the vertical distribution showed the characteristics of high middle low on both sides, with time, soil nitrate content increased gradually; the nitrate nitrogen content in soil and with the gradual increase of increasing radial distance, on the edge of soil wetting front, the nitrate nitrogen content reached the maximum value. In 15 - 20 DEG C, with the increase of irrigation water temperature, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in soil increased.
The ammonium nitrogen in the migration of water storage pit soil body mainly diffusion effect, most of the soil ammonium nitrogen concentration in the moist volume; nitrate nitrogen dominated by convection in the migration of water storage pit soil body, most soil nitrate nitrogen concentration in the soil wetting front edge.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S152

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 于江海;周和平;;農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉水溫研究[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2008年08期

2 李獻(xiàn)士;侯瑞山;丁欣;;我國水資源現(xiàn)狀與可持續(xù)利用對(duì)策研究[J];當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)管理;2007年06期

3 侯紅雨,龐鴻賓,齊學(xué)斌,趙輝;溫室滴灌條件下NH_4~+-N轉(zhuǎn)化遷移規(guī)律研究[J];灌溉排水學(xué)報(bào);2003年01期

4 侯紅雨,龐鴻賓,齊學(xué)斌,王景雷,樊向陽;溫室滴灌條件下尿素轉(zhuǎn)化運(yùn)移分布規(guī)律試驗(yàn)研究[J];灌溉排水學(xué)報(bào);2003年06期

5 馬娟娟,孫西歡,李占斌;入滲水頭對(duì)土壤入滲參數(shù)的影響[J];灌溉排水學(xué)報(bào);2004年05期

6 孫紅;趙雪婷;程?hào)|娟;費(fèi)良軍;;膜孔灌灌施氯化銨條件下土壤氮素遷移分布規(guī)律研究[J];灌溉排水學(xué)報(bào);2009年06期

7 穆紅文;費(fèi)良軍;雷雁斌;;膜孔灌肥液自由入滲硝態(tài)氮運(yùn)移特性試驗(yàn)研究[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;2007年02期

8 程?hào)|娟;費(fèi)良軍;雷雁斌;尹娟;;膜孔灌灌施條件下硝態(tài)氮遷移分布規(guī)律研究[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;2008年01期

9 巨曉棠,李生秀;土壤可礦化氮對(duì)作物吸氮量的貢獻(xiàn)[J];干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)研究;1996年04期

10 趙顏明;姚昊鏑;;水資源分布的區(qū)域差異與農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)視角(上);2009年02期

本文編號(hào)：1612000