本文選題：球毛殼菌ND35菌株　切入點(diǎn)：微生物肥料　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：化肥的長期使用導(dǎo)致耕地肥力下降,環(huán)境污染,微生物肥料的研究與推廣越來越受到重視。球毛殼菌(Chaetomium globosum)ND35菌株是分離自健康毛白楊體內(nèi)的一株優(yōu)勢內(nèi)生真菌,其培養(yǎng)性狀優(yōu)良,生防潛力良好,既能夠促進(jìn)植株的生長發(fā)育、提高作物產(chǎn)量,又能防治多種植物病害。因此可以將其制備成微生物肥料,加以推廣利用。本文對毛殼菌生物菌肥的固體發(fā)酵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化、在大田條件下進(jìn)行了不同作物的肥效試驗、并研究了毛殼菌生物菌肥對大田黃瓜根際土壤酶活性及微生物數(shù)量的影響、還研究了球毛殼菌ND35菌株發(fā)酵液粗提物對楊樹腐爛病菌抑菌機(jī)理,試驗結(jié)果如下:在前期ND35菌肥培養(yǎng)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,對其加以完善,選擇最優(yōu)的培養(yǎng)方案制備毛殼菌生物菌肥。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)菌肥營養(yǎng)液中PDB的含量以及菌肥培養(yǎng)過程中的透氣性對菌肥的產(chǎn)孢量的影響較大。營養(yǎng)液中PDB與水的配比設(shè)置了3:2、4:1、2:3、1:4、1:1五個梯度,透氣性設(shè)置了袋口系繩和棉塞加套環(huán)兩個處理。結(jié)果表明:袋口系繩按1:4的營養(yǎng)配比制作的菌肥,產(chǎn)孢量達(dá)3.8億/g。將新制備的毛殼菌生物菌肥施用在大田作物甘薯、馬鈴薯、玉米、黃瓜上研究其促生作用,測定各作物的生長指標(biāo)及產(chǎn)量。結(jié)果表明:甘薯上,ND35菌肥處理的最長蔓長比對照增長了6.19%、莖粗比對照提高了9.24%、單株產(chǎn)量較對照增產(chǎn)16.12%;馬鈴薯上,ND35菌肥處理較對照組增產(chǎn)25.49%;玉米上,ND35菌肥處理的小區(qū)產(chǎn)量顯著提高,較對照提高了34.23%;黃瓜上,育苗時施用菌肥比移栽時施用增產(chǎn)效果明顯,育苗移栽均施用菌肥應(yīng)注意用量不可過多。以黃瓜為例,施用菌肥后測定黃瓜各生育期根際土壤中土壤酶活性及土壤微生物的數(shù)量變化。結(jié)果表明:土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、過氧化氫酶活性在施用菌肥后均出現(xiàn)不同程度的升高,在結(jié)實期達(dá)到最高值,于拉秧期降低。施用菌肥后根際土壤中細(xì)菌和放線菌數(shù)量較對照顯著升高,各處理細(xì)菌數(shù)量于苗期、開花期達(dá)到最高值,放線菌數(shù)量于開花期、結(jié)實期達(dá)到最高值;而真菌數(shù)量只在開花期出現(xiàn)迅速升高,之后又迅速下降,各菌肥處理的真菌數(shù)量低于對照組。球毛殼菌ND35菌株能夠防治多種植物病害的發(fā)生,以楊樹腐爛病菌為例,研究ND35菌株的次生代謝物對病原菌生理指標(biāo)及代謝途徑關(guān)鍵酶活性的影響。結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)粗提物處理后,病原菌菌絲體丙二醛含量較對照顯著升高,且始終高于對照組;病原菌可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量自處理開始即迅速下降,并始終低于對照組,48 h時處理組蛋白質(zhì)含量僅為對照組的59.1%,差異顯著;粗提物處理組電導(dǎo)率值迅速升高,后期趨于平穩(wěn),顯著高于對照組,24 h時兩組電導(dǎo)率差值最大,處理組高出對照組49.1%;糖酵解途徑中的己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、乳酸脫氫酶(LDH),三羧酸循環(huán)途徑中的琥珀酸脫氫酶(SDH)、蘋果酸脫氫酶(MDH)及能量代謝中的總ATP酶六種酶活性經(jīng)粗提物處理后均顯著下降,明顯低于對照組活性,說明病原菌的代謝途徑遭到破壞,菌體不能進(jìn)行正常的生命活動。
[Abstract]:The long-term use of chemical fertilizer leads to the decline of farmland fertility, environmental pollution, research and promotion of more and more attention. The microbial fertilizer c.globosum (Chaetomium globosum) ND35 strain was isolated from healthy Populus tomentosa in vivo one strains of endophytic fungi, the cultivation of good character, good biocontrol potential, which can promote plant growth the development, increase crop yield, but also can control a variety of plant diseases. It can be prepared into microbial fertilizer, to promote the use of technology. In this paper, the solid fermentation of Chaetomium biological fertilizer were optimized, the fertilizer experiment of different crops under field conditions, and studied the Chaetomium biological fertilizer on influence of the number of soil microbial and enzyme activities in rhizosphere of cucumber field, also studied the fermentation broth of strain ND35 of chaetomiumglobosum extracts the antibacterial mechanism of poplar rot pathogen, the results are as follows: in the early stage of ND35 bacteria Fertilizer cultivation method on the basis of perfecting the preparation scheme of Chaetomium biological fertilizer culture to choose the best. The study found that the fertilizer in the nutrient solution and the content of PDB in the process of culture, influence of air bacterial sporulation of fertilizer of larger. Water and PDB in nutrient solution ratio of 3:2,4:1,2:3,1:4,1:1 is set to five a gradient, breathable set bag and cotton plug and ring two tether processing. The results show that the bag tether made by nutritional ratio of 1:4 fertilizer, sporulation capacity of 380 million /g. biological bacteria fertilizer prepared from Chaetomium in field crops, sweet potato, potato, corn, cucumber on its growth promoting effect determination, growth and yield of various crops. The results showed that the sweet potato, the longest vine ND35 fertilizer longer than control increased 6.19%, stem diameter increased by 9.24%, the yield increased by 16.12%; potato, ND35 bacteria Fertilizer treatment compared with the control group increased by 25.49%; maize, ND35 fertilizer treatments significantly increased yield, increased by 34.23%; cucumber seedlings, microbial fertilizer compared with the yield increasing effect was obvious when transplanting, seedling transplanting all microbial fertilizer should pay attention to consumption is not too much. A yellow melon for example, changes in the number of soil enzyme and the activity of soil microorganism in the rhizosphere soil of Cucumber in different growth stages after determination of microbial fertilizer. The results showed that soil urease, invertase and catalase activity were increased significantly in bacterial manure, during the grain filling period reached the highest value, to reduce the number of uprooting. Bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of control significantly higher than that of microbial fertilizer, the number of bacteria in each treatment at seedling stage, flowering stage reached the highest value, the number of actinomycetes in the flowering stage, fruiting period reached the highest value; while the number of fungi only in the flowering period is increased rapidly after The number of fungi decreased rapidly, the fertilizer treatment is lower than the control group. C.globosum strain ND35 can control many plant diseases occur in poplar canker for example, study the effect of secondary metabolites of strain ND35 on key enzymes of pathogen physiological indices and metabolic pathways. The results showed that the crude extract after treatment the content of MDA, the pathogen hypha body increased significantly compared with the control, and is always higher than that of control group; soluble protein content from beginning pathogenic bacteria decreased rapidly, and is always lower than the control group, 48 h treatment group was only a protein content of 59.1% in the control group, the difference was significant; the crude extract treatment group conductivity increases, late stabilized, significantly higher than the control group, two groups of difference in conductivity of a maximum of 24 h, treatment group higher than control group 49.1%; the glycolytic pathway of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Three, the citric acid cycle pathway of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and energy metabolism in total ATP enzyme activities of six enzymes in the crude extract after treatment decreased significantly, significantly lower than the control group activity, illustrate the metabolic pathways of pathogenic bacteria were damaged, bacteria can not normal life activities.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S144;S476.1

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