本文選題：河套灌區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：鹽堿土壤　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本研究選擇內(nèi)蒙古巴彥淖爾市河套灌區(qū)的鹽土、強(qiáng)度鹽化土和輕度鹽化土三種不同鹽堿程度的土壤作為研究對(duì)象,以磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)、變形梯度凝膠電泳(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)和實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量(Real-time fluorescent quantitative,PCR)等技術(shù)為切入點(diǎn),以鹽堿土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)為主線,探討了不同鹽堿程度土壤的環(huán)境特點(diǎn),及鹽堿程度對(duì)土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)、多樣性和細(xì)菌種類、生態(tài)功能的影響等。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過(guò)磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法定量分析,表明不同鹽堿程度鹽堿土壤微生物PLFA總量、表征細(xì)菌和真菌的PLFA含量以及多樣性指數(shù)從大到小依次為輕度鹽化土、強(qiáng)度鹽化土、鹽土。土壤中磷脂脂肪酸標(biāo)記物與土壤全磷、土壤全氮和土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)之間具有極強(qiáng)的相關(guān)性。(2)變性梯度凝膠電泳(DGGE)結(jié)果顯示,鹽土、強(qiáng)度鹽化土和輕度鹽化土不論在0~20 cm層還是20~30 cm層,土壤細(xì)菌群落多樣性和豐富度從大到小依次為輕度鹽化土、強(qiáng)度鹽化土、鹽土;0~20 cm層與20-30 cm層的土壤細(xì)菌群落之間存在顯著性差異,隨著土層的加深,土壤細(xì)菌群落多樣性和豐富度減小。不同鹽堿程度鹽堿土壤中細(xì)菌群落的Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)與土壤電導(dǎo)率w(EC)(r=-0.542,P0.05)、pH(r=-0.526,P0.05)和土壤容重(r=-0.523,P0.05)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與土壤有機(jī)碳w(SOC)(r=0.700,P0.01)和w(TP)(r=0.805,P0.01)呈極顯著正相關(guān)。在一定范圍土壤pH、w(EC)和容重越低,土壤w(SOC)、土壤全氮w(TN)和全磷w(TP)越高,土壤細(xì)菌群落的多樣性和豐富度也越高。w(EC)和pH對(duì)鹽堿土壤細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響力最大。變形菌(α-變形菌綱、β-變形菌綱、γ-變形菌綱和δ-變形菌綱)是鹽堿土壤的主要類群。DGGE測(cè)定鹽堿土壤中的菌株主要屬于耐鹽堿的細(xì)菌菌株,并且都是耐硫酸鹽細(xì)菌。(3)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量(PCR)技術(shù)結(jié)果顯示,隨著土壤鹽堿程度的升高,細(xì)菌數(shù)量從大到小的順序依次為輕度鹽化土、強(qiáng)度鹽化土和鹽土。鹽堿土壤中細(xì)菌的數(shù)量與電導(dǎo)率(r=-0.904,P0.01)和p H(r=-0.804,P0.01)呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),細(xì)菌的數(shù)量與TP(r=0.772,P0.05)和SOC(r=0.732,P0.05)顯著相關(guān),細(xì)菌的數(shù)量與水分(r=-0.786,P0.05)呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與土壤全氮的關(guān)系不顯著(r=0.481,P0.05)。(4)PLFA和PCR-DGGE結(jié)合闡明不同鹽堿程度土壤的微生物多樣性,是一種有效和互補(bǔ)的途徑。PLFA技術(shù)并不能在種的水平上說(shuō)明土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生的變化。而PCR-DGGE法可以揭示具體微生物種群的變化,證實(shí)不同鹽堿土壤優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌類群不同,以變形菌綱為主,主要屬于耐鹽堿細(xì)菌菌株。DGGE多樣性指數(shù)適合用來(lái)討論鹽堿土壤的微生物多樣性。土壤w(EC)、pH、土壤容重、w(SOC)、w(TN)和w(TP)是鹽堿土壤的主要環(huán)境因子,并且鹽度和堿度是影響不同鹽堿程度鹽堿土壤中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)顯著影響因素。
[Abstract]:In this study, three kinds of saline soil, strong saline soil and mild salinized soil, were selected as the research objects in Hetao Irrigation area of Bayan Nur City, Inner Mongolia. Based on the techniques of phospholipid fatty acidine, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresisn (DGGE) and real-time fluorescence quantitative fluorescent (real-time fluorescent), the environmental characteristics of soils with different salinity and alkali-alkali degree were discussed. The effects of salinity on soil microbial community structure, diversity, bacterial species and ecological function. The results are as follows: (1) quantitative analysis of microbial PLFA in saline-alkali soil with different salinity was made by means of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method. The PLFA content and diversity index of bacteria and fungi were in the order of light salinized soil, strong saline soil, salt soil, phospholipid fatty acid marker and total phosphorus in soil. There was a strong correlation between soil total nitrogen and soil organic matter. (2) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results showed that saline soil, intensively salinized soil and mild salinized soil were in the layer of 20 cm or 20 ~ 30 cm, respectively. The diversity and richness of soil bacterial community were in the order of light salinized soil, intensity salinized soil, soil bacterial community of 20 cm layer and 20-30 cm layer of salt soil, and the soil bacterial community was significantly different with the deepening of soil layer. The diversity and richness of soil bacterial communities decreased. The Shannon-Wiener index of bacterial communities in saline-alkali soils with different salinity levels was negatively correlated with soil electrical conductivity (WEC) -0.542 (P 0.05) and soil bulk density (r ~ + -0.523 ~ (+) P _ (0.05)). There was a significant positive correlation with soil organic carbon (WSC) 0.700 (P0.01) and WTP-0.805 (P0.01). The lower the soil pH value, the lower the bulk density, the higher the soil WSOC, soil total nitrogen and phosphorus (WTPN), and the higher the soil total phosphorus (WTP), the higher the soil total nitrogen (WN) and total phosphorus (WTP). The higher the diversity and richness of soil bacterial community is, the greater the influence of pH and pH on the bacterial community structure in saline-alkali soil. Proteus (偽 -Proteus, 尾 -Proteus, 緯 -Proteus and 未 -Proteus) are the main components of saline-alkali soil. In order to determine the strains in saline-alkali soil by DGGE, they mainly belong to saline-alkali tolerant bacteria. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis (PCR) showed that with the increase of soil salinization degree, the order of bacteria number from large to small was light salinized soil. The number of bacteria in the saline soil was negatively correlated with the conductivities (P 0.01) and P 0.01 (P 0.01), and the number of bacteria was significantly correlated with TPRN 0.772P 0.05 (P 0.05), and the number of bacteria was negatively correlated with the water content (ru -0.786P 0.05), and the number of bacteria was negatively correlated with the water content (P 0.05), and the number of bacteria was negatively correlated with the concentrations of TPRN 0.772P 0.05 (P 0.05), and the number of bacteria was negatively correlated with the water content (P 0.05), and the amount of bacteria was negatively correlated with the water content (P 0.05). The relationship between soil total nitrogen and soil total nitrogen was not significant. The microbial diversity of soils with different saline-alkali levels was elucidated by the combination of PLFA and PCR-DGGE. PLFA is an effective and complementary approach. PLFA can not explain the change of soil microbial community structure at the species level, but PCR-DGGE method can reveal the change of specific microbial population, and prove that the dominant bacteria groups in different saline-alkali soil are different. The microbial diversity index of saline-alkali tolerant bacteria strain. DGGE is suitable to discuss the microbial diversity of saline-alkali soil. The pH of soil WECN, soil bulk density (WSCC) and WTP-are the main environmental factors of saline-alkali soil, and the main environmental factors of saline-alkali soil are DGGE diversity index (DGGE diversity index). Moreover, salinity and alkalinity were significant influencing factors of microbial community structure in saline-alkali soils with different salinity and alkalinity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S156.4;S154.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 鄧欣;劉紅艷;譚濟(jì)才;陳輝玲;孫少華;;不同種植年限有機(jī)茶園土壤微生物群落組成及活性比較[J];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2006年01期

2 厲文忠;;內(nèi)蒙古河套灌區(qū)的鹽堿化及其防治[J];人民黃河;1987年04期

3 張薇,魏海雷,高洪文,胡躍高;土壤微生物多樣性及其環(huán)境影響因子研究進(jìn)展[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2005年01期

4 林生;莊家強(qiáng);陳婷;張愛(ài)加;周明明;林文雄;;不同年限茶樹(shù)根際土壤微生物群落PLFA生物標(biāo)記多樣性分析[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2013年01期

5 胡杰;何曉紅;李大平;劉強(qiáng);;鞘氨醇單胞菌研究進(jìn)展[J];應(yīng)用與環(huán)境生物學(xué)報(bào);2007年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：1604095