本文選題：土壤動物群落　切入點：土壤理化性質(zhì)　出處：《華東師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：節(jié)水灌溉能增強土壤的儲水能力,提高土壤的營養(yǎng)條件,改善蔗田土壤的微環(huán)境。為了探討不同灌溉模式對廣西蔗田土壤動物群落結構的影響,在廣西崇左市江州區(qū)糖料蔗節(jié)水灌溉試驗區(qū)設置地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、噴灌、微噴5種灌溉處理以及無灌溉空白對照共6個樣地,自2015年5月至11月(甘蔗的五個生長期:分蘗期、伸長初期、伸長盛期、伸長后期、成熟期)對土壤動物群落及土壤理化性質(zhì)進行了調(diào)查。本研究主要結果如下:(1)本研究共捕獲大型土壤動物、中小型土壤動物3526頭,隸屬于2門10綱26目48科。其中優(yōu)勢類群為膜翅目、彈尾目和蜱螨目。常見類群為雙翅目、等翅目、雙翅目幼蟲和鞘翅目。(2)大型土壤動物的類群數(shù)和密度在成熟期最高;中小型土壤動物類群數(shù)在甘蔗成熟期最高,密度在甘蔗伸長盛期最高。不同灌溉模式各樣地土壤動物類群數(shù)的差異不顯著(P0.05),但密度的差異顯著(P0.05)。灌溉處理樣地的土壤動物密度、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)(H')、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)(E)和Margalef豐富度指數(shù)(D)均高于無灌溉樣地,Simpson優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)(C)呈現(xiàn)相反趨勢。地埋滴灌和噴灌樣地的土壤動物密度、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)(H')、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)(E)和Margalef豐富度指數(shù)(D)顯著高于其它樣地(P0.05)。。(3)土壤動物不同土層間的密度差異明顯,0-5 cm層中小型土壤動物密度為25012 ind.m-2,是5-10 cm層中小型土壤動物密度的1.3倍,是10-15 cm層中小型土壤動物密度的2.3倍,土壤動物多集中于在0-5 cm 土層活動。不同灌溉模式樣地土壤動物均具有較明顯的表聚性,可見灌溉模式對改變土層的表聚性規(guī)律沒有影響。但是不同灌溉模式樣地同一土層之間類群數(shù)以及密度的差異均顯著(P0.05),可見灌溉模式對蔗田土壤動物垂直結構的影響主要表現(xiàn)在不同土層內(nèi)土壤動物類群以及密度的顯著增加。(4)不同灌溉模式下大型土壤動物生長期動態(tài)變化幅度較小。密度水平最高的地埋滴灌和噴灌樣地大型土壤動物密度仍呈現(xiàn)成熟期密度最大,分蘗期密度最小的規(guī)律,而其它灌溉模式樣地的生長期發(fā)生了不同程度的變化。說明地埋滴灌和噴灌有利于增強大型土壤動物群落結構的穩(wěn)定性。不同灌溉模式下中小型土壤動物生長期動態(tài)變化波動大。中小型土壤動物不同灌溉模式密度呈現(xiàn)的生長期動態(tài)變化均不同,但分蘗期的密度偏低。(5)不同灌溉模式對蔗田土壤理化性質(zhì)有顯著影響(P0.05)。地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、噴灌、微噴樣地的土壤含水率、有機質(zhì)、速效磷以及速效鉀均高于無灌溉樣地,且地埋滴灌與噴灌樣地達到最高。其中土壤含水率與土壤有機質(zhì)與土壤動物群落關系密切。土壤含水率、土壤有機質(zhì)對大型土壤動物密度以及其優(yōu)勢類群膜翅目影響顯著(P0.05),含水率、對中小型動物密度以及其優(yōu)勢類群膜翅目和蜱螨目影響顯著;土壤有機質(zhì)對中小型土壤動物密度、類群數(shù)、優(yōu)勢類群膜翅目和蜱螨目影響顯著(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Water saving irrigation can increase the soil water storage capacity, improve the nutritional conditions of the soil, improve the micro environment of sugarcane soil. In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation patterns on soil animal community structure in sugarcane field in Guangxi, Guangxi in Chongzuo Jiangzhou sugarcane irrigation test area is buried drip irrigation, drip irrigation, pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro 5 kinds of spray irrigation and non irrigation control a total of 6 samples, from May 2015 to November (five growth periods: Sugarcane tillering stage, elongation stage, elongation stage, elongation stage and mature stage) on soil animal community and soil physicochemical properties were investigated. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) in this study were captured in large soil animal, small and medium sized soil animal 3526, belonging to 2 phyla, 10 classes and 26 orders and 48 families. The dominant groups were Hymenoptera, Collembola and Acarina. Common groups were Diptera, Isoptera, Diptera larvae and sheath Homoptera. (2) the number of groups and the highest density of large soil animal in the mature stage; in the small number of soil animal groups in sugarcane maturity highest density at the elongation stage. The highest difference of number of soil animal groups in different kinds of irrigation mode was not significant (P0.05), but the density difference (P0.05) soil animal density plots of irrigation, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (E) and Margalef index (D) were higher than those of non irrigated plots, Simpson dominance index (C) showed the opposite trend. Buried drip irrigation and Sprinkler Irrigation Soil animal density, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (E) and Margalef index (D) was significantly higher than that of other samples (P0.05). (3) soil animal density differences between the different layers, 0-5 cm layer of small and medium sized soil animal density is 25012 ind.m-2, 5-10 cm layer 1.3 times the small soil animal density, is 2.3 times the 10-15 cm layer of middle small sized soil animal density, soil animal are more concentrated in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Soil animal samples were different irrigation mode has obvious surface accumulation, no visible effects of irrigation on changing the soil surface aggregation rules. But different irrigation plots between the same group number of soil and density were significantly different (P0.05), visible effects of irrigation on the vertical structure of sugarcane soil animal is mainly manifested in the different soil layers in soil animal groups and density increased significantly. (4) under different irrigation patterns of large soil animal growth period. Small changes in dynamic amplitude density the highest level of underground drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation plots large soil animal density is still showing maturity density is the biggest, the smallest of the density of tillers, and the growth period of other irrigation plots occurred Different degrees of change. That buried drip and sprinkler irrigation is conducive to enhancing the stability of community structure of soil macro animal. Under different irrigation patterns in small soil animal growth period dynamic fluctuations. The growth period of dynamic small soil animal density of different irrigation modes present changes are different, but the tillering stage low density (5.) have significant effects of different irrigation modes on the physicochemical properties of soil in sugarcane field (P0.05). Subsurface drip irrigation, drip irrigation, pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro spray plots of soil moisture rate, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were higher than those in non irrigated plots and underground drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation plots reached the highest. The soil moisture content and soil organic matter and soil animal communities. There is close relationship between soil moisture content, effect of soil organic matter on large soil animal density and dominant groups were Hymenoptera (P0.05), water content of small animal Densities and their dominant groups were significantly influenced by Hymenoptera and acari. Soil organic matter had significant effects on the density, number of groups, dominant groups, Hymenoptera and acari of small and medium-sized soil animals (P0.05).

【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S275;S154

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