發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-12 15:17

  本文選題：雙季超級雜交稻　切入點(diǎn)：穗分化期　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)氣象》2017年09期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：采用桶栽方式,以超級雜交早稻品種(淦鑫203)、超級雜交晚稻品種(五豐優(yōu)T025)為材料,于穗分化初期設(shè)置不旱不澇(對照CK)、輕旱不澇(T11)、重旱不澇(T2)、不旱輕澇(T3)、不旱重澇(T4)、重旱輕澇(T5)、重旱重澇(T6)、輕旱輕澇(T7)和輕旱重澇(T8)處理,分析各處理產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素、干物質(zhì)積累與分配和凈光合速率等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明:(1)"旱"、"澇"及"旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)"使超級雜交早、晚稻單株產(chǎn)量不同程度下降,早稻T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7和T8單株產(chǎn)量分別比CK降低8.89%、21.42%、8.33%、12.04%、19.65%、31.23%、15.39%和17.29%,晚稻分別降低6.21%、15.06%、7.77%、11.53%、17.40%、20.85%、13.46%和11.70%,早、晚稻以T2和T6處理產(chǎn)量下降較多,尤其T6處理產(chǎn)量降幅最大,表明單純前期輕旱(T1)和后期輕澇(T3)對產(chǎn)量的影響相對較小,而單純前期重旱(T2)和后期重澇(T4)對產(chǎn)量的影響相對較大,T2比T4對產(chǎn)量的影響更大,且重旱重澇處理下水稻單株產(chǎn)量存在一定程度的疊加減產(chǎn)效應(yīng)。產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成上,早、晚稻產(chǎn)量下降的主要原因是較大幅度降低了單株有效穗數(shù)、每穗總粒數(shù)、結(jié)實(shí)率和二次枝梗數(shù),各處理對產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成的影響規(guī)律與單株產(chǎn)量大致相同。(2)早、晚稻"旱"、"澇"及"旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)"等處理結(jié)束初期與CK比較,其莖、葉干物質(zhì)量均不同程度下降,其中早、晚稻成熟期T6處理穗干物質(zhì)量分別比CK下降33.40%、19.88%,表現(xiàn)為穗型變小。(3)"旱"、"澇"及"旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)"使早、晚稻葉片葉綠素含量(SPAD值)降低,其中早、晚稻均以T6處理的SPAD值降幅最大,且與CK一直呈顯著性差異。(4)至抽穗期,早、晚稻葉片凈光合速率均以T6處理最低,分別比CK下降37.57%、10.17%。研究結(jié)果說明,生長前期重旱后期急轉(zhuǎn)重澇對早、晚稻成熟期穗部干物質(zhì)量及總干物質(zhì)量的影響最大,重旱重澇急轉(zhuǎn)表現(xiàn)為疊加損傷效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the super early hybrid rice (Ganxin 203Li) and super late hybrid rice (Wufeng you T025) were used as materials. In the early stage of panicle differentiation, no drought and waterlogging (CK, light drought and waterlogging, T11), heavy drought and waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought and no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought, no waterlogging, no drought and no waterlogging, and no drought and waterlogging. Dry matter accumulation and distribution, net photosynthetic rate and so on. The results showed that "drought", "waterlogging" and "rapid transformation of drought and flood" made super hybrid early and late rice yield decreased in different degrees. The yield per plant of early rice T1, T2T2T2OT4T4T5, T6, T7 and T8, respectively, was lower than that of CK by 8.89 and 21.42, respectively, and the yield of late rice was decreased by 15.39% and 17.29%, respectively, by 15.21% and 17.29%, respectively, and by 6.21%, 15.067.777.777.777.5317.4020.855.45% and 11.70%, respectively. In the early morning, the yield of late rice treated with T2 and T6 decreased more, especially the T6 treatment, with the largest decrease in yield, The results showed that the effect of T1) and T3) on yield was relatively small, while the effect of T2) and T4) on yield was greater than that on T4. The main reason for early and late rice yield decline was that the effective panicle number per plant and the total grain number per panicle were greatly reduced. The effects of seed setting rate and secondary branch number on yield composition of each treatment were similar to that of yield per plant. The dry weight of stem and leaf decreased in different degrees in the early stage of drought, waterlogging, drought and waterlogging of late rice, compared with CK. The dry matter quality of ear of T6 treatment decreased 33.40% ~ 19.88% than CK in early and late rice maturation stage, which showed that the panicle type became smaller. 3) "drought", "waterlogging" and "drought and waterlogging" made the chlorophyll content of late rice leaf lower than that of CK, and the content of chlorophyll in leaves of late rice decreased (Spad value). In late rice, the SPAD value of T6 treatment decreased the most, and there was significant difference from CK to heading stage. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves in early and late rice was the lowest in T6 treatment, which was 37.57 and 10.17 lower than CK, respectively. The effects of heavy drought and heavy waterlogging on ear dry weight and total dry matter mass in early and late rice maturing stage were the biggest, and heavy drought and heavy waterlogging turned into superimposed damage effect.
【作者單位】： 江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院/作物生理生態(tài)與遺傳育種教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/江西省超級稻工程技術(shù)研究中心/雙季稻現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)協(xié)同中心;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(314771441;30860136) 江西省科技支撐項(xiàng)目(2010BNA03600) 江西省教育廳項(xiàng)目(GJJ14283)
【分類號】：S42;S511.42

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