本文選題：移動GIS　切入點：PDA　出處：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的命脈和基礎(chǔ)。從長期來看,我國農(nóng)業(yè)面臨著耕地面積較少、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中不合理的施肥現(xiàn)象、施肥技術(shù)相對落后、廣大農(nóng)民很難實行科學(xué)施肥等問題。大部分農(nóng)民的科學(xué)施肥意識薄弱,過量施肥、盲目施肥的現(xiàn)象非常普遍。為了解決農(nóng)民在施肥中遇到的問題,農(nóng)業(yè)部、財政部于2005年做出在全國范圍內(nèi)開展測土配方施肥技術(shù)推廣工作的重大決策以來,全國各地相繼開展縣域測土配方施肥工作。因此,為了摸清耕地地力情況,提高耕地地力評價工作效率,提高科學(xué)施肥水平,各地相關(guān)部門已逐漸形成了大量有價值的科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)。近年來,以移動智能終端(PDA)為載體的移動GIS技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,并體現(xiàn)出在田間精準(zhǔn)施肥查詢、農(nóng)田信息采集與查詢等方面的潛在優(yōu)勢。本文是將測土配方施肥技術(shù)與移動GIS技術(shù)進(jìn)行結(jié)合,對成果數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整合和處理,研究并建立了基于移動GIS的金寨縣耕地養(yǎng)分管理信息系統(tǒng)。主要取得以下研究成果:(1)兩種常見的養(yǎng)分插值方法即克里格和反距離加權(quán)插值方法研究,以金寨縣有機(jī)質(zhì)為實例,通過交叉驗證,比較可以得出結(jié)論:插值精度上Kriging大于IDW,選擇最佳的插值方法。(2)運(yùn)用地統(tǒng)計分析功能對金寨縣縣土壤養(yǎng)分中全氮、有機(jī)質(zhì)、有效磷和速效鉀進(jìn)行空間變異分析,四種養(yǎng)分均為中等變異性,變異系數(shù)大小依次為有效磷速效鉀全氮有機(jī)質(zhì),其中有效磷變異性最大,速效鉀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差較大,說明其在研究區(qū)范圍內(nèi)含量差異很大。(3)應(yīng)用第二次土壤普查氮磷鉀養(yǎng)分分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn),確立豐缺指標(biāo),研究區(qū)域施肥模型,以金寨縣小麥為例,根據(jù)土壤養(yǎng)分的高中低不同水平,再結(jié)合“3414”試驗參數(shù)和金寨縣農(nóng)民施肥經(jīng)驗值,用模型算出合理的施肥配方和追肥量,最終繪制出小麥?zhǔn)┓逝浞椒謪^(qū)圖。并運(yùn)用養(yǎng)分平衡法研究采樣點的精準(zhǔn)施肥模型。(4)數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立:對系統(tǒng)中的屬性數(shù)據(jù)庫和空間數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行構(gòu)建,最后通過同名字段實現(xiàn)屬性數(shù)據(jù)庫和空間數(shù)據(jù)庫的連接和統(tǒng)一管理。(5)本系統(tǒng)選用Android操作系統(tǒng),通過離線和在線兩種獲取方式,具體實現(xiàn)了基于移動GIS的耕地養(yǎng)分管理信息系統(tǒng),并對系統(tǒng)的地塊屬性、采樣點屬性、配方施肥、GPS定位查詢和快速查找、配方計算器、作物受害圖譜、配套文檔資料等模塊功能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the lifeblood and foundation of our national economy. In the long run, China's agriculture is faced with less cultivated land, unreasonable fertilization in agricultural production, and relatively backward fertilization techniques. It is very difficult for the vast number of farmers to carry out scientific fertilization and other problems. Most farmers have a weak sense of scientific fertilization. The phenomenon of excessive fertilization and blind fertilization is very common. In order to solve the problems encountered by farmers in fertilization, the Ministry of Agriculture, Since 2005, when the Ministry of Finance made a major decision to popularize the technology of soil testing formula fertilization in the whole country, the county soil formula fertilization work has been carried out one after another throughout the country. Therefore, in order to find out the situation of cultivated land fertility, In recent years, the mobile GIS technology with mobile intelligent terminal as carrier has developed rapidly because of improving the efficiency of farmland land fertility evaluation and improving the level of scientific fertilization, and the relevant departments in various places have gradually formed a large amount of valuable scientific data. It also shows the potential advantages in the field precision fertilization query, farmland information collection and query, etc. This paper combines the technology of compound fertilization with the technology of mobile GIS to integrate and process the result data. A nutrient management information system for cultivated land in Jinzhai County based on mobile GIS is studied and established. Two common nutrient interpolation methods, Kriging and inverse distance weighted interpolation, are obtained as follows: Kriging and inverse distance weighted interpolation, taking the organic matter of Jinzhai County as an example. Through cross validation, we can draw a conclusion that the interpolation accuracy is higher than that of IDW, and the best interpolation method is chosen. The spatial variation analysis of total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil nutrients of Jinzhai County is carried out by using the function of geostatistical analysis. All the four nutrients were of moderate variability, and the coefficient of variation was in turn the available phosphorus and available potassium total nitrogen organic matter, among which the available phosphorus variability was the greatest, and the standard deviation of available potassium was larger. The results showed that the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was very different in the study area. (3) the standard of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied in the second soil census, the index of abundance and deficiency was established, and the regional fertilization model was studied. Taking wheat in Jinzhai County as an example, according to the different levels of soil nutrients in high, middle and low levels, Combined with "3414" test parameters and the experience value of fertilization of farmers in Jinzhai County, the rational fertilization formula and the amount of topdressing were calculated by using the model. Finally, the partition map of wheat fertilization formula was drawn, and the establishment of precision fertilization model. 4) database of sampling points was studied by nutrient balance method. The attribute database and spatial database of the system were constructed. Finally, through the field of the same name to realize the connection and unified management of attribute database and spatial database, the system chooses Android operating system, and realizes the farmland nutrient management information system based on mobile GIS by offline and online acquisition methods. The functions of the system, such as plot attribute, sampling point attribute, GPS location query and quick search, formula calculator, crop victimization map, supporting documents and so on, are introduced in detail.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S158;S127;TP311.52

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