本文選題：鹽堿地　切入點：沖洗　出處：《北方民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：針對引黃灌區(qū)由于地下水位高、黃河來水減少等因素導(dǎo)致的次生鹽堿地荒廢、易于返鹽、作物成活率低等問題,以“脫鹽和抑鹽”為水鹽調(diào)控技術(shù)手段,研究旱作條件下快速沖洗改良、豎孔排鹽、耕作抑鹽等水鹽調(diào)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù),建立完整的鹽堿地改良技術(shù)體系,為鹽堿地改良利用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.旱作條件下鹽分沖洗效果試驗。通過采用裂區(qū)試驗設(shè)計布置田間試驗,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),無排鹽溝0-20 cm 土層處理4 (脫硫石膏+深松耕)土壤全鹽含量下降了 39.3%,處理2 (施用脫硫石膏)土壤全鹽降低26.20%,處理3 (深松耕)土壤全鹽含量下降了 13.22%, 20-40 cm 土層處理4 (脫硫石膏+深松耕)土壤全鹽含量下降了 23.79%,處理2 (施用脫硫石膏)土壤全鹽含量下降了 18.80%。設(shè)置排鹽溝有助于降低土壤鹽分,處理4 (設(shè)置排鹽溝+脫硫石膏+深松耕)耕層土壤全鹽含量下降了 34.73%,耕層土壤鹽分下降了 66.51%。土壤堿化度較對照下降了 34.35%。2.土壤豎孔排鹽效果試驗。為了加速旱作鹽分沖洗效果,達(dá)到快速排鹽的目的,研究設(shè)置不同排鹽孔數(shù)的脫鹽效果,確定打破粘土層,疏通排鹽通道的最佳豎孔布置方式。二因素試驗設(shè)計,因素一為排鹽孔數(shù),設(shè)3個水平:不打孔(處理1)、200個·hm2 (處理2)、400個·hm2 (處理3);因素二為灌水淋洗次數(shù),設(shè)2個水平:1次、4次。灌水4次處理在灌水1次處理基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行。小區(qū)面積為4 m×50 m=200 m2,每處理3次重復(fù)。排鹽孔數(shù)為300個·hm-2處理土壤全鹽含量下降幅度最大,全鹽含量下降38.71%,設(shè)置排鹽孔數(shù)越多,相應(yīng)的土壤脫鹽率越高。3.不同農(nóng)藝措施防鹽抑鹽效果試驗。為了控制土壤返鹽,研究中耕、防蒸覆蓋、起壟溝植等不同農(nóng)藝措施的防鹽抑鹽效果,提出適宜的鹽堿地防鹽抑鹽技術(shù)。試驗采用拉丁方設(shè)計,設(shè)對照(處理1)、中耕(處理2)、起壟溝植(處理3)、防蒸覆蓋(處理4) 4個處理,4次重復(fù)。中耕、防蒸覆蓋、起壟溝植等措施都可不同程度地提高油葵出苗率產(chǎn)量,出苗率較對照分別提高了 6.98%、42.87%和51.43%,產(chǎn)量分別較對照提高了 23.30%、46.62%和58.90%。綜上,施用石膏、打孔填砂、中耕、防蒸覆蓋、起壟溝植等措施能顯著改良鹽堿地,通過快速沖洗改良、豎孔排鹽、耕作抑鹽等水鹽調(diào)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)為后期鹽堿地改良提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems of waste secondary saline-alkali land, easy to return salt and low survival rate of crops caused by the high groundwater level and the decrease of the Yellow River incoming water in the Yellow River Irrigation area, "desalting and restraining salt" is taken as the technical means of water and salt regulation and control. The key technologies of water and salt regulation such as rapid irrigation and improvement, vertical pore salt removal, tillage and salt suppression under dry farming were studied, and a complete technical system of saline-alkali land improvement was established. The main results are as follows: 1. Salt washing effect test under dry condition. The total salt content of treatment 4 (desulphurized gypsum deep loosening) decreased by 39.3%, treatment 2 (application of desulphurized gypsum) decreased 26.20%, treatment 3 (deep soilage) decreased 13.22%, 20-40%. The total salt content of soil decreased 23.79 in treatment 4 (deep loosening of desulfurized gypsum) and 18.80 in treatment 2 (application of desulphurized gypsum). Treatment 4 (setting salt-drain desulphurization gypsum deep loosening) the total salt content of topsoil soil decreased 34.73 and 66.51.The alkalinity of soil decreased 34.35.2.The effect of soil vertical pore salt removal was tested. The effect of salt irrigation on rapid dry cultivation, To achieve the purpose of rapid salt removal, the desalination effect of different salt discharge holes is studied, and the optimal vertical hole arrangement for breaking the clay layer and dredging the salt discharge channel is determined. The two factor experimental design shows that the first factor is the number of salt discharge holes. Three levels: no perforation (treatment 1, 200 路hm2, treatment 2, 400 hm2, treatment 3; factor 2, times of irrigation and elution, The soil salt content in the treatment of irrigation 4 times on the basis of irrigation treatment was 4 m 脳 50 m ~ (2) m ~ (2), repeated 3 times per treatment, and the total salt content of soil under the treatment of 300 路hm-2 was the largest. The total salt content decreased by 38.71%, and the more salt holes were set, the higher the desalinization rate of soil was. 3. The effect of salt control and salt suppression by different agronomic measures was tested. In order to control soil salt return, to study soil tillage and evapotranspiration, The effects of different agronomic measures such as ridge planting on salt control and salt suppression were put forward, and the appropriate salt control and salt control techniques were put forward. The Latin square design was used in the experiment. The yield of oil sunflower can be increased in different degree by the control (treatment 1), middle tillage (treatment 2), furrow planting (treatment 3), steam mulching (treatment 4), 4 treatments (4 times repeated), and the measures of middle tillage, anti steam mulching and ridge furrow planting can increase the yield of oil sunflower in varying degrees. The seedling emergence rate was increased by 6.98% and 51.43%, respectively, and the yield was increased by 23.30%, 46.62% and 58.90%, respectively. In summary, the saline-alkali land could be improved significantly by applying gypsum, drilling and filling sand, tillage, preventing steaming and mulching, setting up ridge and furrow planting, and so on. The key techniques of water and salt regulation, such as vertical pore salt removal, tillage and salt suppression, provide the basis for the later saline-alkali land improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S156.4

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