本文選題：金龜　切入點：小黃鰓金龜　出處：《長江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：金龜是鞘翅目昆蟲中非常重要的一個類群,其幼蟲稱為蠐螬,是種類最多、分布最廣、為害最重的地下害蟲。在我國重要的蠐螬種類有30余種,南北方均有發(fā)生,且常是多種蠐螬混合發(fā)生。其中,小黃鰓金龜(Melubohusju veseensbrenske)是重要的園林植物害蟲,主要為害草坪、各種花卉、灌木及喬木。地下害蟲金龜在求偶、聚集、覓食等活動中常常是通過借助化學(xué)氣味物質(zhì)傳遞信息的。研究這些化學(xué)氣味物質(zhì)和寄主植物揮發(fā)物的化學(xué)本質(zhì),可以為解釋金龜在求偶、聚集、覓食等活動現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì),并為研究金龜引誘劑提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗以小黃鰓金龜為研究對象,根據(jù)小黃鰓金龜在盛發(fā)期群集為害寄主植物的特點,調(diào)查了整個發(fā)生期里7種不同寄主植物上小黃鰓金龜?shù)臄?shù)量及其在丁香Syringa Linn,上的發(fā)生規(guī)律；并利用頂空法收集了7種植物的揮發(fā)物,采用現(xiàn)代化學(xué)分析的方法如氣相色譜(GC)、氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用(GC-MS)和電生理的方法如觸角電位儀(EAG)、氣相色譜-觸角電位聯(lián)用(GC-EAD)等技術(shù)鑒定了寄主植物對小黃鰓金龜有電生理活性的揮發(fā)物；并挑選了7種揮發(fā)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品做EAG分析。根據(jù)小黃鰓金龜在7種不同寄主植物上的分布數(shù)量,確定了小黃鰓金龜?shù)膬?yōu)勢寄主為丁香,次要寄主為榆樹Ulmus pumila L.和山楂Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge第三寄主植物金銀木Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim、桃樹Amygdalus persica L和梨樹Pyrus sorotina及非寄主植物為銀杏Ginkgo biloba L.。通過丁香植物上小黃鰓金龜發(fā)生規(guī)律可知,小黃鰓金龜?shù)哪臧l(fā)生時間為6月上旬到7月中下旬,盛發(fā)期在6月下旬。從小黃鰓金龜對7種植物揮發(fā)物的EAG分析中可知,小黃鰓金龜雌雄成蟲對丁香植物揮發(fā)物的EAG反應(yīng)最大,分別為2.02±0.079 mV和2.03±0.069mV,與其它植物揮發(fā)物的電生理反應(yīng)差異達(dá)到顯著水平。對銀杏植物揮發(fā)物的EAG反應(yīng)最小,分別為0.26土0.043 mV和0.37±0.071 mV,與其它植物揮發(fā)物的電生理反應(yīng)差異達(dá)到顯著水平。采用GC-EAD和GC-MS技術(shù),共鑒定出15種植物揮發(fā)物對小黃鰓金龜有電生理活性。這些揮發(fā)物分別為E-3-己烯醛或1-戊烯-3-醇,E-羅勒烯,Z-羅勒烯,p-傘花烴,E-3-己烯乙酸酯或E-2-戊烯-1-醇,1-己醇,苯甲醚,E-3-己烯醇,Z-3-己烯醇,Z-2-己烯醇或Z-2-己烯乙酸酯或壬醛,氧化芳樟醇,庚醇,芳樟醇,葵醛,乙酸芐酯。丁香、榆樹和山楂揮發(fā)物中對小黃鰓金龜有活性的化合物比較多,金銀木、銀杏中有活性的揮發(fā)物比較少。丁香、榆樹和山楂中化合物基本上類似,金銀木和銀杏中揮發(fā)物也基本類似。在金銀木、銀杏揮發(fā)物樣品中有活性的化合物幾乎都出現(xiàn)在丁香、山楂和榆樹揮發(fā)物樣品中。在用小黃鰓金龜雌雄成蟲做EAG實驗時,測試了連接不同觸角鰓瓣對結(jié)果的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)4種連接方式之間幾乎沒有顯著性差異。因此,在做鰓金龜EAG實驗時,可以選擇一種簡單的連接觸角鰓瓣的方式即可。在小黃鰓金龜對7種揮發(fā)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品的EAG分析實驗中可知,小黃鰓金龜雌雄成蟲對苯甲醚標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品的EAG反應(yīng)差異顯著,在0.001 μg、0.01μg和O.1雌三種濃度下,雌蟲的EAG反應(yīng)分別為0.189±0.021 mV、0.225±0.038 mV和0.577±0.260 mV,雄蟲的EAG反應(yīng)分別為0.527±0.055 mV、0.887±0.107 mV和2.348±0.266 mV。隨著揮發(fā)物樣品劑量的增加,EAG反應(yīng)值也隨之增加。在小黃鰓金龜雄蟲對7種揮發(fā)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品的EAG實驗中,1μg的順-3-己烯醇樣品的EAG反應(yīng)為1.243±0.162 mV,10μg的順-3-己烯醇樣品的EAG反應(yīng)為1.771±0.159 mV, EAG反應(yīng)變化增加了1.4倍,而100μg的順-3-己烯醇樣品的EAG反應(yīng)為6.149±0.467 mV, EAG反應(yīng)變化增加了3.5倍。小黃鰓金龜在不同寄主植物上的分布數(shù)量與小黃鰓金龜對植物揮發(fā)物的EAG反應(yīng)結(jié)果相一致,在丁香上金龜?shù)臄?shù)量最多,同時對丁香揮發(fā)物的EAG反應(yīng)也最大,說明小黃鰓金龜在尋找寄主時是通過感受植物釋放的揮發(fā)物中的組分來定位寄主植物的。對小黃鰓金龜有活性的揮發(fā)物都是常見的綠葉揮發(fā)物,但每種寄主植物釋放的揮發(fā)物種類不同,說明小黃鰓金龜在寄主定位時是通過感受某些植物揮發(fā)物的特定組合,而不是感知某一個特定的植物揮發(fā)物。
[Abstract]:Rich is a very important species of Coleoptera insects whose larvae, called grubs, is the most species, the most widely distributed underground pests in China. The most important grub species are more than 30 species, both north and South have occurred, and is often a mixture of white grubs. Among them, Miss Daisy Sai Jingui (Melubohusju veseensbrenske) is an important pest of garden plants, mainly on the lawn, all kinds of flowers, shrubs and trees. The underground pest beetles in courtship, aggregation, often foraging activities is through the use of chemical odors passing information. These chemical substances and odors of host plant volatile chemical nature of volatiles, can explain the beetle in courtship, aggregation, foraging activities such as nature, and provide theoretical basis for the study of beetle attractant. In this experiment, the Yellow beetle as the research object, according to the Yellow beetle in the peak period of the host cluster damage The characteristics of the plant, investigated 7 different host plants on the Yellow beetle of the whole period and number of Linn in the occurrence of the clove Syringa; and a collection of 7 kinds of plant volatiles by headspace method, using modern methods such as gas chromatography chemical analysis (GC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry combined with (GC-MS) and electrophysiological methods such as electroantennography (EAG), gas chromatography electroantennogram (GC-EAD) combined with techniques such as identification of host plants on the electrophysiological activity of yellow beetle volatiles; and selected 7 kinds of volatiles of standard sample for EAG analysis. According to the distribution of the number of yellow melolonthidae in 7 different host plants, the Yellow beetle is the predominant host clove, secondary host for pumila L. and Crataegus Ulmus Yushu Hawthorn pinnatifida Bunge third host plant Lonicera (Rupr.) maackii and Maxim, peach Amygdalu S persica L and Pyrus sorotina of pear and non host plants for Ginkgo biloba L.. By Ginkgo plant yellow beetle clove occurrence that occurred in early June to mid to late 7 yellow beetle of the year, the peak period in late June. From the Yellow beetle to 7 plant volatiles in the volatile EAG analysis the Yellow beetle, male and female adults of lilac plant were tested by EAG technique, were 2.02 + 0.079 and 2.03 + mV, 0.069mV, and other plant essential differences in electrophysiological responses to volatiles reached significant level. The EAG reaction of Ginkgo plant volatiles is the smallest, respectively 0.26 and 0.37 + 0.043 mV + 0.071 mV. With other plant essential electrophysiological responses to volatiles differences reached significant level. Using GC-EAD and GC-MS technology, we identified 15 plant volatiles have electrophysiological activity to the Yellow beetle. These volatiles were E-3- hexenal or 1- Pentene alcohol -3-, E- ocimene, Z- ocimene, p- p-cymene, E-3- hexenyl acetate or E-2- -1- 1- pentene alcohol, cyclohexanol, benzyl ether, E-3- cis-3-hexenol, Z-3- cis-3-hexenol, cis-3-hexenol Z-2- or Z-2- hexenyl acetate or nonanal, linalool oxide, heptanol, linalool. Sunflower aldehyde, benzyl acetate, clove, elm and volatile compounds in Hawthorn volatiles on the activity of the Yellow beetle more, honeysuckle, volatiles of Ginkgo biloba in activity less. Clove, elm and hawthorn compound basically similar, honeysuckle and ginkgo essential is basically similar. Volatiles in the gold and silver wood of ginkgo the volatile compounds active compounds in almost all samples appeared in clove, hawthorn and elm volatiles in the sample. The Yellow beetle of male and female adults do EAG experiments, connecting the different influence on the results of lamellibranch antenna test, was found between 4 types of connection almost no significant difference. Therefore, doing Beetle EAG experiments, then can choose a simple connection way. In the Yellow tentacles of lamellibranch beetle of 7 kinds of volatiles of standard sample EAG analysis experiment shows that the difference of EAG reaction yellow beetle of male and female adults of anisole standard samples were 0.001 g, 0.01 g and O.1 female three concentrations, respectively, EAG reaction was 0.189 female + 0.021 mV, 0.225 mV + 0.038 and 0.577 + 0.260 mV, respectively. EAG reaction was 0.527 + 0.055 mV male, 0.887 + 0.107 and 2.348 + 0.266 mV mV. with the increase of volatile sample dosage, reaction EAG value also increased. In the Yellow gill the male beetles on 7 kinds of volatiles of standard samples in the EAG experiment, 1 g CIS EAG reaction -3- cis-3-hexenol sample was 1.243 + 0.162 mV, 10 g CIS EAG reaction -3- cis-3-hexenol sample was 1.771 + 0.159 mV, EAG reaction increased 1.4 times, and 100 g Shun -3- sample cis-3-hexenol The EAG reaction was 6.149 + 0.467 mV, EAG reaction increased 3.5 times. The Yellow beetle abundance distribution in different host plants with yellow beetle EAG responses to plant volatiles are consistent, the number of beetles in the lilac on most, while the clove volatiles of EAG reaction is the highest, that the Yellow beetle is to locate the host plant through the plant release of the volatile components in the host finding. The Yellow beetle has volatile activity are common green leaf volatiles, but each kind of host plant volatiles released from different species, that yellow beetle in host location is through feel some specific combinations of plant volatiles, rather than the perception of a specific plant volatiles.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S433.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 丁紅建;吳才宏;郭予元;;棉鈴蟲成蟲對植物它感信息化合物的嗅覺電生理學(xué)研究[A];“植物病蟲害生物學(xué)研究進(jìn)展”——植物病蟲害生物學(xué)國家重點實驗室研究論文選[C];1995年

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