本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)水污染　切入點：農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水污染問題一直是人們極為關(guān)注的一種環(huán)境污染現(xiàn)象，也是我們多年來一直試圖解決的問題。人們在探討污染源的問題上往往以工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和城市生活造成的水污染源為主，其實農(nóng)業(yè)面污染源也是不可輕視和忽略的。 從環(huán)境保護的角度來分析，水污染主要是指由人類活動產(chǎn)生的污染物而造成的。它主要有三大污染源：工業(yè)污染源、生活污染源和農(nóng)業(yè)污染源。而其中前兩者被稱為點污染源，農(nóng)業(yè)廢水由于其進入水體的方式是無組織的又被稱為面污染源。 農(nóng)業(yè)作為國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，對于宏觀經(jīng)濟發(fā)展具有不可替代的作用。2003年開始，為了打破長期制約我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的劉易斯二元經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，國家將“三農(nóng)問題”作為政策關(guān)注的焦點問題，力圖通過國家政策傾斜解決困擾我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的“三農(nóng)問題”，我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展問題也隨之受到廣泛關(guān)注，農(nóng)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展。然而，在大力發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的過程中，雖然現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)所占比重較高，但是以傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)為主的粗放的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方式仍然是我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的主流，由于缺乏科學(xué)、可持續(xù)的指導(dǎo)思想，加之現(xiàn)實經(jīng)濟、社會等條件制約，農(nóng)業(yè)快速發(fā)展的過程中農(nóng)業(yè)污染問題凸顯，成為制約我國農(nóng)業(yè)與生態(tài)環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的重要問題。 而在農(nóng)業(yè)污染中，農(nóng)業(yè)水污染尤為嚴(yán)重。我國作為以水稻種植為主的國家，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)粗放灌溉包括過度施肥、施藥等造成了農(nóng)業(yè)水污染問題越發(fā)嚴(yán)重，成為制約我國農(nóng)業(yè)與生態(tài)環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的重要問題。此外，我國作為一個水資源空間、時間分布嚴(yán)重不均衡，人均水資源總量極低的國家，農(nóng)業(yè)水污染問題也進一步引起了國家的用水危機、糧食生產(chǎn)危機，而農(nóng)業(yè)水污染作為水體污染的重要方面，如何在大力發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的前提下解決農(nóng)業(yè)水污染問題尤為必要。本文通過對各類農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展較為均衡的農(nóng)業(yè)大省首府長春市農(nóng)業(yè)水污染問題進行研究，分析目前長春市農(nóng)業(yè)水污染存在的普遍問題，并進一步解析其成因，在此基礎(chǔ)上提出相應(yīng)的解決思路及對策建議，希望為相關(guān)研究做出貢獻。 全文共分6章： 第一章：緒論，主要論述本文研究背景、研究目的、研究意義及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，，論述本文研究思路及研究方法。 第二章：相關(guān)概念界定及理論基礎(chǔ)，主要介紹了農(nóng)業(yè)水污染的種類及特征，并從理論角度分析了農(nóng)業(yè)水污染對農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的影響。 第三章：長春市農(nóng)業(yè)用水現(xiàn)狀和水資源存在的問題，主要介紹了長春市農(nóng)業(yè)用水現(xiàn)狀及農(nóng)業(yè)水資源存在問題。 第四章：長春市農(nóng)業(yè)水污染成因，從包括區(qū)位情況、企業(yè)發(fā)展情況、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展情況等角度對長春市農(nóng)業(yè)水污染成因進行分析，為對策建議奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。 第五章：應(yīng)對長春市農(nóng)業(yè)水污染問題措施，主要介紹了應(yīng)對長春市農(nóng)業(yè)水污染問題的原則，并結(jié)合長春市農(nóng)業(yè)水污染問題成因提出了包括修建河道，降低排放量，提高河水自凈能力；引進先進技術(shù)，合理排放污水；科學(xué)合理種植，控制農(nóng)用化肥投放量；構(gòu)建城、鎮(zhèn)、鄉(xiāng)、村一體化污水處理體系；完善農(nóng)村公共設(shè)施建設(shè)，配備糞尿分流系統(tǒng)；加大政府宣傳，從根本上提高人民環(huán)保意識等在內(nèi)的對策建議。 第六章：結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The problem of water pollution is an environmental pollution phenomenon is of great concern to people, but also over the years we have been trying to solve the problem. People in the study of pollution source problems are often in industrial production and the city life caused by water pollution sources, agricultural non-point pollution source is in fact should not be underestimated and neglected.
To analyze from the perspective of environmental protection, water pollution mainly refers to pollutants produced by human activity caused. It has three main sources: industrial pollution, agricultural pollution and domestic pollution source. While the former two are called point sources of pollution, agricultural waste water into the water because of the way is free the organization is also known as the source of pollution.
As the foundation of the national economic development of agriculture, the macro economic development has irreplaceable role.2003 the beginning of the year, in order to break the long-term constraints of agricultural development in China Lewis two yuan of economic structure, the state will "three rural issues" is the focus of attention of the policy, according to the national policy to solve the problems of economic development of our country agriculture "problem of agricultural development in China has also attracted widespread attention, the rapid development of agriculture. However, in the process of developing agriculture in modern agriculture, although the proportion is higher, but in the traditional agricultural industry is dominated by the extensive agricultural development is still the mainstream of China's agricultural development, due to the lack of scientific guidance, sustainable in addition, the real economy, restricting the social conditions, highlighting the problems of agricultural pollution in the process of the fast development of agriculture, restricting our country agriculture and ecological environment. The important issue of the development of adjustment.
In agricultural pollution, agricultural pollution is particularly serious in our country. As to planting rice as traditional agriculture country, extensive irrigation including excessive fertilization, spraying and other problems caused by agricultural water pollution is more serious, has become the important problem that restricts the development of agriculture and the ecological environment in China. In addition, China is a water space time distribution of resources, serious imbalance, the total amount of water resources per capita is extremely low, the problem of agricultural water pollution also caused the national water crisis, grain production and agricultural water pollution crisis, as the important part of the water pollution, how to develop the agriculture under the premise of solving the problems of agriculture water pollution is particularly necessary in this paper. Through the study of the problem of agricultural water pollution of agricultural development more balanced capital of agricultural province Changchun, analysis of the current Changchun city common problems of agricultural water pollution, and One step is to analyze the causes, and on this basis, the corresponding solutions and suggestions are put forward to contribute to the related research.
The full text is divided into 6 chapters.
The first chapter is introduction, which mainly discusses the background, purpose, significance and status of research at home and abroad, and discusses the ideas and methods of this study.
The second chapter: the definition and theoretical basis of related concepts. It mainly introduces the types and characteristics of agricultural water pollution, and theoretically analyzes the impact of agricultural water pollution on rural economic development.
The third chapter: the current situation of agricultural water use and the existing problems of water resources in Changchun. It mainly introduces the current situation of agricultural water use and the existing problems of agricultural water resources in Changchun.
The fourth chapter: the cause of agricultural water pollution in Changchun. From the perspective of location, business development and agricultural development, we analyze the causes of agricultural water pollution in Changchun, and lay a theoretical foundation for countermeasures and suggestions.
The fifth chapter: to deal with the problem of water pollution Changchun agricultural measures, mainly introduced the problems of agricultural water pollution to Changchun city principle, and combined with the causes of agricultural water pollution problems Changchun proposed including the construction of channel, reduce emissions, improve water purification capacity; the introduction of advanced technology, reasonable discharge of sewage; scientific and reasonable control of agricultural planting. Fertilizer amount; construction of city, town, township, village integrated wastewater treatment system; improve the rural public infrastructure construction, equipped with waste diversion system; strengthen the government propaganda, countermeasures and suggestions to improve people's awareness of environmental protection, fundamentally.
The sixth chapter: the conclusion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X71

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