本文選題：耕作措施　切入點(diǎn)：秸稈還田　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：秸稈作為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的一種可利用資源,在我國(guó)產(chǎn)量及其豐富。在單產(chǎn)不斷提高的今天,秸稈產(chǎn)量也隨之提高。秸稈還田作為一種常規(guī)的農(nóng)藝措施在我國(guó)被廣泛應(yīng)用,為了探明不同還田方式對(duì)于農(nóng)田碳庫(kù)和溫室氣體排放的影響,本試驗(yàn)于2013年6月-2014年6月在江蘇省南京市江寧區(qū)淳化街道青龍社區(qū)進(jìn)行,通過田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),研究了 4種秸稈還田方式(旋耕還田、翻埋還田、溝埋還田和焚燒還田)對(duì)稻麥輪作農(nóng)田土壤碳庫(kù)和溫室氣體排放的影響,主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.麥秸還田能夠顯著提高農(nóng)田總有機(jī)碳和活性有機(jī)碳組分在稻麥兩季,土壤總有機(jī)碳和活性有機(jī)碳組分含量均受到秸稈還田的顯著影響,秸稈還田各處理的有機(jī)碳和活性有機(jī)碳組分含量均高于對(duì)照不還田處理,土壤總有機(jī)碳和活性有機(jī)碳組分在土壤的分布呈現(xiàn)垂直變化規(guī)律,隨著土層深度的增加,土壤總有機(jī)碳和活性有機(jī)碳含量逐漸降低。0～7cm 土層,翻埋還田還田處理土壤總有機(jī)碳和活性有機(jī)碳含量大于其他處理;7～14cm 土層,除水溶有機(jī)有機(jī)碳外,在稻季翻埋還田處理土壤總有機(jī)碳和其他活性有機(jī)碳含量高于其他處理;14～21cm 土層,旋耕還田處理的活性有機(jī)碳組分含量高于其他處理,焚燒還田處理的總有機(jī)碳含量高于其他處理但未達(dá)到顯著效果。在麥季,旋耕還田處理的總有機(jī)碳含量和易氧化有機(jī)碳含量高于其他處理,而翻埋還田的微生物有機(jī)碳和水溶性有機(jī)碳含量高于其他處理。在麥季,除易氧化有機(jī)碳外,旋耕處理土壤總有機(jī)碳、易氧化有機(jī)碳和水溶性有機(jī)碳含量最大。在麥季,出水溶性有機(jī)碳外,翻埋還田處理土壤總有機(jī)碳和其他活性有機(jī)碳組分含量最大,旋耕還田處理的水溶性有機(jī)碳含量顯著高于其他處理;2.麥秸還田方式能夠顯著影響農(nóng)田溫室氣體的排放在稻季,秸稈還田會(huì)增加農(nóng)田溫室氣體的排放,提高全球增溫潛勢(shì)。在麥季,部分還田方式會(huì)在一定程度上減少農(nóng)田溫室氣體的排放,減小全球增溫潛勢(shì)。在稻季,旋耕還田的甲烷排放總量顯著高于其他處理,不還田處理的甲烷排放總量顯著低于其他處理;在麥季,焚燒還田處理的甲烷排放總量顯著高于其他處理,溝埋還田處理的甲烷排放總量與對(duì)照不還田處理無顯著性差異。在稻季,翻埋還田處理氧化亞氮排放總量顯著高于其他處理,對(duì)照不還田處理的氧化亞氮排放總量顯著低于其他處理;在麥季,對(duì)照不還田處理的氧化亞氮排放總量顯著高于其他處理,翻埋還田處理的氧化亞氮排放總量與對(duì)照不還田處理無顯著性差異。在麥季,焚燒還田處理的二氧化碳排放總量顯著高于其他處理,對(duì)照不還田處理的二氧化碳排放總量最小,溝埋還田、旋耕還田和翻埋還田的二氧化碳排放總量與對(duì)照不還田處理無顯著性差異,在麥季,旋耕還田的二氧化碳排放總量顯著高于其他處理,對(duì)照不還田處理的二氧化碳排放總量最低,溝埋還田處理的二氧化碳排放總量與對(duì)照不還田處理無顯著性差異。從全球增溫潛勢(shì)角度分析,在稻季麥兩季,溝埋還田和焚燒還田處理的全球增溫潛勢(shì)較低,翻埋還田的全球增溫潛勢(shì)較低,在稻季,翻埋還田處理的全球增溫潛勢(shì)顯著高于其他處理,在在麥季,對(duì)照不還田處理的全球增溫潛勢(shì)高于其他處理。
[Abstract]:As a kind of straw resources in agricultural production, output in our country and its rich in yield increasing today, straw yield increases. Straw as a conventional agronomic measures in our country are widely used, in order to study the influence of different ways of returning farmland for carbon and greenhouse gas emissions the experiment was conducted in Jiangning District, Chunhua Qinglong Street Community in Jiangsu city of Nanjing province in June 2013 -2014 year in June, field experiments were conducted to study 4 kinds of ways of straw returning (rotary tillage with straw, plowing, burying and burning straw returning) on rice wheat rotation farmland soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. The main results are as follows: 1. wheat straw can improve farmland total organic carbon and labile organic carbon fractions in rice wheat two season significantly, soil total organic carbon and labile organic carbon content by straw Effect of straw returning treatments of organic carbon and labile organic carbon content was higher than that of the control without straw returning, soil total organic carbon and labile organic carbon fractions show vertical variations in soil distribution, with the increase of soil depth, soil total organic carbon and labile organic carbon content decreased gradually from.0 to 7cm layer plowing and returning, soil total organic carbon and labile organic carbon content is higher than other treatments; 7 ~ 14cm soil layer, water soluble organic carbon in organic, plowing treatment of soil total organic carbon and other active organic carbon content in rice was higher than other treatments; 14 ~ 21cm soil active organic carbon rotary tillage with straw. The content is higher than that of other treatment, incineration of the total organic carbon content of returning treatment was higher than other treatments but did not reach significant effect. In addition, organic carbon and total organic carbon content and easy oxidation of rotary tillage with straw processing The content of higher than other treatments, while plowing the organic carbon and water soluble organic carbon content is higher than other treatments. In addition, the easily oxidized organic carbon, rotary tillage soil total organic carbon, labile organic carbon and water soluble organic carbon content. In the wheat season, water soluble organic carbon. Plowing treatment of soil total organic carbon and other active organic carbon content, organic carbon content of soluble rotary tillage with straw treated water was significantly higher than other treatments; 2. straw returning methods can significantly affect the agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in the rice season, straw returning farmland will increase in greenhouse gas emissions, improve the global warming potential potential. In the wheat season, returning farmland part will reduce greenhouse gas emissions to a certain extent, reduce the global warming potential. In the rice season, the total methane emission of the rotary tillage with straw was significantly higher than other treatments, not returning treatment The total methane emission significantly lower than other treatments; in addition, incineration returning treatment total methane emission was significantly higher than other treatments, buried returning treatment total methane emission and control treatments. No significant difference in the rice season, returning Nitrous Oxide emissions were significantly higher than other treatments, the control does not return treatment Nitrous Oxide emissions significantly lower than other treatments; in addition, the control does not return treatment Nitrous Oxide total emission was significantly higher than other treatments, plowing the Nitrous Oxide emissions and control not returning treatment. No significant difference in the wheat season, incineration returning total carbon dioxide emissions was significantly higher than other treatments, no tillage with carbon dioxide emissions control the total amount of the minimum, buried soil, and rotary tillage with straw returning carbon dioxide emissions and control treatments No significant difference in the wheat season, the total carbon dioxide emissions was significantly higher than that of other rotary tillage with straw returning treatment processing, control of the total carbon dioxide emissions minimum, buried incorporation of the total carbon dioxide emissions and control treatments had no significant difference. The analysis from the perspective of global warming potential, in rice wheat two season, ditch the buried straw returning treatment and incineration of global warming potential low global warming potential plowing low in the rice season, returning the global warming potential was significantly higher than other treatments, in addition, control tillage with global warming potential is higher than that of other treatments.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4

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