本文選題：土壤層次　切入點(diǎn)：滲水器　出處：《土壤》2017年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：基于 5 k Pa負(fù)壓灌水條件下的一維垂直水分吸滲試驗(yàn),分析了陶土和聚乙烯醇縮甲醛泡沫塑料(PVFM)兩種材質(zhì)負(fù)壓滲水器在黑鈣土A、B層的滲水性能,測(cè)定累計(jì)吸滲量、吸滲率、濕潤(rùn)峰及土壤含水率等指標(biāo),并利用它們考察了Kostiakov,Horton、Philip 3種常用的土壤水分吸滲模型及垂直一維非飽和土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)代數(shù)模式描述負(fù)壓吸滲過程的適用性,進(jìn)一步比較了不同處理下的模型參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:(1) 5 k Pa灌水條件下,PVFM滲水器和陶土滲水器的累計(jì)吸滲量沒有明顯差異,前者能有效替代后者作為負(fù)壓滲水器;(2)黑鈣土B層土壤水分吸滲特性比A層差,同時(shí)間內(nèi)累計(jì)吸滲量較少,吸滲率降低速度更快;(3)短時(shí)間負(fù)壓灌溉條件下,不同土層的累計(jì)吸滲量與濕潤(rùn)峰、吸滲率與濕潤(rùn)峰倒數(shù)、濕潤(rùn)峰平方與時(shí)間均存在明顯的線性關(guān)系;(4)負(fù)壓灌溉后距離滲水器上下各15 cm范圍內(nèi),土壤含水率維持于20%~33%范圍內(nèi),變異系數(shù)均在10%左右;(5)擬合結(jié)果表明,Kostiakov與Philip模型能很好地描述 5 k Pa負(fù)壓灌溉下不同處理的水分吸滲特性,而Horton模型描述黑鈣土A、B層較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的吸滲效果較差。
[Abstract]:Based on the one-dimensional vertical water absorption test under 5 KPA negative pressure irrigation, the water permeability of two kinds of negative pressure water infiltrators, ceramic soil and polyvinyl formaldehyde-foamed plastic (PVFM), in layer B of calcareous soil, were analyzed, and the cumulative amount of water absorption and the absorption rate were measured. The moisture peak and soil moisture content were used to investigate the applicability of three commonly used soil moisture absorption models and vertical one-dimensional unsaturated soil moisture motion algebraic model to describe the process of negative pressure infiltration. The model parameters under different treatments were further compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the accumulative permeation capacity between PVFM water infiltrator and clay percolator under 5 KPA irrigation. The former can effectively replace the latter as a negative pressure percolator.) under the condition of short time negative pressure irrigation, the soil water absorption characteristics of the B layer of the calcareous soil are worse than that of the A layer, and the accumulative amount of water absorption in the same time is less, and the rate of absorption decreases faster. There was an obvious linear relationship between the cumulative infiltration capacity and the wetting peak, the reciprocal of the infiltration rate and the wetting peak, the square of the wetting peak and the time. After negative pressure irrigation, there was a range of 15 cm between the top and the bottom of the percolator, and the soil moisture content was maintained in the range of 20% or 33%. The fitting results showed that the Kostiakov model and Philip model could well describe the water absorption characteristics of different treatments under 5 KPA negative pressure irrigation, while the Horton model was less effective in describing the permeability of calcareous soil AB layer for a long time.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所;黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué);長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)生命科學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2013AA102901)資助
【分類號(hào)】：S152.7

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