本文選題：鹽漬化土壤　切入點(diǎn)：鹽分　出處：《河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：黃驊市是鹽漬化土壤集聚的典型地區(qū),開(kāi)發(fā)利用該地區(qū)鹽漬化土地對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的作用,摸清土壤鹽分、養(yǎng)分的含量及變異特征,可以為該地區(qū)的鹽漬化土壤的開(kāi)發(fā)利用提供一定的理論支持。本文以河北省黃驊市為例,野外均勻隨機(jī)采集該地區(qū)土樣310個(gè),通過(guò)土壤農(nóng)化分析,測(cè)定土壤中鹽分和養(yǎng)分含量值;運(yùn)用空間插值法得到土壤鹽分和養(yǎng)分的空間分布圖,分析鹽分和養(yǎng)分空間分布特征;利用SPSS軟件分析該地區(qū)土壤鹽分和養(yǎng)分的相關(guān)性;從土壤利用類(lèi)型、土壤類(lèi)型、土壤質(zhì)地和土壤p H四個(gè)方面探討了土壤鹽分和養(yǎng)分的變異特征,最終得到如下結(jié)論:(1)黃驊市Ca2+含量為0.07~0.29g/kg,Mg2+含量為0.05~0.88g/kg,K+含量為0.04~0.26g/kg,Na+含量為0.40~7.38g/kg,Cl-含量為1.45~21.20g/kg,SO42-含量為0.30~2.86g/kg,HCO3-含量為0.10~0.17g/kg。含量最豐富的為Cl-,其次為SO42-,不含CO32-或CO32-含量極少。地塊間HCO3-含量差異性較小,分布較為均勻,鹽分離子含量呈現(xiàn)東部高西部低、沿海高內(nèi)陸低的趨勢(shì),鹽漬化土壤中的鹽分主要以Na Cl的形式存在,此外,Mg2+和SO42-也是鹽分的主要結(jié)合方式。土壤各鹽分各要素均不服從普通正態(tài)分布,但服從對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布。總鹽分、Na+、Mg2+為強(qiáng)變異性,變異系數(shù)分別為161.93%,130.01%,123.42%;Ca2+、K+、Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-為中等強(qiáng)度變異性,變異系數(shù)分別為49.99%,50.37%,98.19%,81.20%,16.34%。(2)黃驊市堿解氮含量為8.4~143.4mg/kg;速效磷含量為0.4~202.7mg/kg;速效鉀含量為36.7~796.0mg/kg;有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為2.2~39.3g/kg。堿解氮和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量缺乏,速效磷和速效鉀含量豐富;堿解氮和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的空間分布較均勻,速效磷和速效鉀含量的空間分布較為離散。堿解氮和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量呈現(xiàn)東部低西部高、沿海低內(nèi)陸高的趨勢(shì);速效磷和速效鉀含量呈現(xiàn)東部高西部低、沿海高內(nèi)陸低的趨勢(shì)。堿解氮和有機(jī)質(zhì)服從正態(tài)分布,速效磷和速效鉀服從對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布。堿解氮、速效鉀、有機(jī)質(zhì)處于中等變異性,變異系數(shù)分別為41.7%,59.9%,43.5%;速效磷處于強(qiáng)變異性,變異系數(shù)為115.8%。(3)從相關(guān)性分析可知,堿解氮含量與速效磷含量呈極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.422**;與有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.752**;堿解氮與八大離子含量之間均為負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,與總鹽分之間為極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=-0.504**;速效磷含量與有機(jī)質(zhì)含量呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.321*,與鹽分離子相關(guān)性不明顯;速效鉀與鉀離子呈極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=0.482**,與其他離子含量及總鹽分均為正相關(guān)關(guān)系;有機(jī)質(zhì)與總鹽分呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,相關(guān)系數(shù)r=-0.296*�？傷}分與Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-均為顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,且與Na+、Cl-顯著性關(guān)系最強(qiáng),與HCO3-為負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系;Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、Cl-、SO42-兩兩之間均為正相關(guān)關(guān)系,除HCO3-含量與其他離子含量為負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系外,其他離子含量?jī)蓛芍g均為正相關(guān)關(guān)系。(4)黃驊市土壤類(lèi)型以鹽化潮土為主,土壤質(zhì)地以中壤為主,pH值集中在8-8.5的堿性級(jí)別。不同土地利用類(lèi)型下,除HCO3-呈現(xiàn)耕地、林地含量最高,其他土地含量最低外,其他鹽分離子含量大部分都呈現(xiàn)其他土地草地園地耕地林地的趨勢(shì);不同土壤類(lèi)型下,鹽分離子含量大多呈現(xiàn)濱海潮灘鹽土濱海鹽土鹽化潮土潮土濕潮土鹽化沼澤土的趨勢(shì),而HCO3-恰與之相反;不同土壤質(zhì)地下,鹽分離子含量大部分呈現(xiàn)出重壤中壤砂壤輕壤的趨勢(shì),HCO3-表現(xiàn)為重壤含量最低,輕壤含量最高;p H與HCO3-呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)性,與K+相關(guān)性不明顯,與其他各鹽分指標(biāo)均呈極顯著的正相關(guān)性,即p H的升高會(huì)對(duì)土壤鹽分離子含量有一定的促進(jìn)作用。不同土地利用類(lèi)型下,堿解氮、速效磷、有機(jī)質(zhì)均表現(xiàn)為在園地、草地中的含量較高,在其他土地中的含量較低,而速效鉀在其他土地中的含量較高,在耕地中的含量較低;不同土壤類(lèi)型下,堿解氮表現(xiàn)為在鹽化沼澤土中含量較高,在濱海鹽土中含量較低,有機(jī)質(zhì)恰恰相反,表現(xiàn)為濱海鹽土中含量較高,鹽化沼澤土中含量最低,速效磷、速效鉀表現(xiàn)為在濱海潮灘鹽土中的含量較高,在濕潮土、潮土中的含量較低;不同土壤質(zhì)地下,質(zhì)地越粘重,堿解氮含量越低,速效鉀含量越高;各養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)與p H均成負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,即隨著p H值的升高,土壤養(yǎng)分含量逐漸降低,p H過(guò)高會(huì)對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分含量產(chǎn)生一定的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:Huanghua city is a typical area of soil salinization agglomeration, development and utilization of saline land in the region has an important effect on the local ecological and economic sustainable development, to find out the soil salt content and variability of nutrients, to provide certain theoretical support for the development and utilization for the area of soil salinization. Taking Huanghua city of Hebei Province as an example. Field uniform random samples in this area of 310 soil samples, the soil chemical analysis, determination of salinity and nutrient content in soil; the spatial distribution of soil salinity and nutrient use spatial interpolation method, analysis of salinity and nutrient spatial distribution characteristics; correlation analysis of soil salinity and nutrient in the area by using SPSS software; from the soil the type, soil type, soil texture and soil four aspects P H discusses the variation characteristics of soil salinity and nutrients, the final conclusions are as follows: (1) Ca2 in Huanghua City For the 0.07~0.29g/kg + content, Mg2+ content is 0.05~0.88g/kg, the content of K+ is 0.04~0.26g/kg, the content of Na+ is 0.40~7.38g/kg, the content of Cl- was 1.45~21.20g/kg, SO42- was 0.30~2.86g/kg, the content of HCO3- is the most abundant content of 0.10~0.17g/kg. was Cl-, followed by SO42-, without CO32- or CO32- block was little. The content of HCO3- small difference, more uniform distribution the salt content in the high, showing the east west low high low trend of inland coastal saline soil, the salt in the main form of Cl to Na, in addition, the main way of combining Mg2+ and SO42-. The elements of soil salinity and the salinity are not subject to ordinary normal distribution, but the lognormal distribution of the total salt. Na+, Mg2+, for strong variability, the coefficients of variation were 161.93%, 130.01%, 123.42%; Ca2+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- for moderate intensity variability, coefficient of variation were 49.99%, 50.37%, 98.19%, 81.2 0%, 16.34%. (2) nitrogen content base in Huanghua is 8.4~143.4mg/kg; the content of available phosphorus was 0.4~202.7mg/kg; available potassium content is 36.7~796.0mg/kg; the content of organic matter is 2.2~39.3g/kg. nitrogen and organic matter content of the lack of available phosphorus and potassium content; nitrogen and organic matter content of the spatial distribution is uniform, P and the content of available potassium in space distribution is discrete. Nitrogen and organic matter content showed low East West High low high trend, inland coastal; available phosphorus and potassium content showed high in the East West High low, coastal inland low trend. Available nitrogen and organic matter of normal distribution, and available phosphorus potassium followslognormaldistribution. Nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter in moderate variability coefficient of variation were 41.7%, 59.9%, 43.5%; P in strong variability, the variation coefficient was 115.8%. (3) from the analysis of correlation, alkali solution There is a significant positive correlation between nitrogen content and available phosphorus content, the correlation coefficient of r=0.422**; and the organic matter content was extremely significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient r=0.752**; alkaline solution was a negative correlation between the content of nitrogen ions and eight, significant negative correlation between salinity and total, the correlation coefficient r=-0.504**; there was a significant positive correlation between the content of available phosphorus and organic matter content, the correlation coefficient r=0.321*, and salt ion correlation is not obvious; there is a significant positive correlation between potassium and potassium ions, correlation coefficient r=0.482**, and the other ion content and total salt are positive correlation; there was a significant negative correlation between organic matter and total salt, total salt and Ca2+ correlation coefficient r=-0.296*., Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42- were significantly positive correlation, and Na+, Cl- and HCO3- were the strongest correlation, negative correlation between Ca2+ and Mg2+; K+, Na+, Cl-, SO42- There were positive correlation between the 22, in addition to the content of HCO3- and other ion content was negative correlation, there were positive correlation between the contents of other ions (4). 22 soil types in Huanghua city in salinized soil, soil texture in soil mainly concentrated in the base of pH level of 8-8.5 in different land. Use types, except HCO3- showed the highest in woodland, arable land, other land was the lowest, the salt content in the most other trends are showing other land grass garden farmland woodland; under different soil types, the salt content in the most present waterfront tide beach soil in coastal saline soil salinized soil moisture soil moisture and soil salinization swamp soil the trend, and HCO3- just the opposite; different soil salt content in the underground, mostly showing a heavy loam loam sandy loam light loam trend, HCO3- showed heavy loam was the lowest, the highest content of light soil; P H and HCO3- A negative significant correlation, the correlation between K+ and not obvious, showed a significant positive correlation with other salt index p H increased, there will be some effects on soil salt content. Under different land use types, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter were in the garden. High content of grassland, content in other land in the lower, while available potassium in other land in higher content in cultivated land in lower; under different soil types, n showed higher content in salt marsh soil, the soil organic matter content is low, just on the contrary, showed higher content of soil, content of saline marsh in the lowest, available phosphorus, available potassium showed higher concentrations in the coastal tidal flat soils, in wet soil, fluvo aquic soil was low; different soil texture underground, the heavy, nitrogen content is low The content of available potassium is higher, and all nutrient indicators are negatively correlated with P H, that is, with the increase of P H value, soil nutrient content gradually decreases, and the excessive P H will have a certain inhibitory effect on soil nutrient content.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S156.41

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本文編號(hào)：1568050