本文選題：低溫秸稈降解菌　切入點(diǎn)：秸稈還田　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：秸稈還田是一項(xiàng)提高秸稈利用率,提高土壤肥力的有效措施,也是秸稈資源化利用的主要方式。但是在北方由于溫度等原因影響,秸稈進(jìn)入土壤之后,腐解較慢,達(dá)不到預(yù)期的效果。為了使秸稈在低溫或常溫條件下快速腐解,起到培肥土壤,又不影響下季耕種的作用,在秸稈還田的同時(shí)施用低溫高效快速分解秸稈的菌劑是非常必要。低溫秸稈降解菌劑的施用對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分有一定的影響。因此,弄清低溫秸稈降解菌劑的施用對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分、土壤酶活力的影響,具有重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。本文通過模擬秸稈還田的盆缽培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)與室內(nèi)分析相結(jié)合的方法,研究了低溫秸稈降解菌的酶活特性、秸稈還田下低溫秸稈降解菌對(duì)秸稈降解效果以及土壤養(yǎng)分、土壤酶活力的影響,為弄清低溫秸稈降解菌的在低溫條件下降解秸稈的機(jī)理,為秸稈菌劑在田間應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明,本試驗(yàn)所選擇的A14和A41兩株菌劑,在12℃的條件下培養(yǎng)8d時(shí),菌劑的酶活力達(dá)到了最大值,其中A14的纖維素酶活力為28.95U/ml,而A14和A41的混合菌株,纖維素酶活力達(dá)到了36.54U/ml。各個(gè)菌劑的纖維素酶活力、淀粉酶活力、果膠酶活力以及木質(zhì)素酶活力均在培養(yǎng)8d時(shí)出現(xiàn)了峰值,因此說明了在培養(yǎng)8d時(shí),菌劑的酶活力最強(qiáng)�；旌暇鷦┑拿富盍^高,因此在降解過程中,降解速度也較其他菌劑快。培養(yǎng)8d后,同一種菌株各種酶的活力不同。其中,菌株A14表現(xiàn)為:菌株A14表現(xiàn)為:纖維素酶果膠酶淀粉酶木質(zhì)素酶;A41表現(xiàn)為纖維素酶淀粉酶果膠酶木質(zhì)素酶;與A14表現(xiàn)出同樣的規(guī)律,混合菌表現(xiàn)為:纖維素酶果膠酶素酶淀粉酶木質(zhì)素酶,且混合菌劑的酶活力均高于單一菌株的酶活力;這說明,兩種菌劑混合會(huì)促進(jìn)酶活力的增加;在低溫的條件下,能產(chǎn)生較多的纖維素酶活力的菌株對(duì)秸稈的降解效果較好,同時(shí)具有較高的淀粉酶和果膠酶對(duì)秸稈的降解也是有益的。在模擬秸稈還田的盆栽培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,在培養(yǎng)20d后,菌株A14、A41及混合菌株對(duì)玉米秸稈的纖維素降解率達(dá)到了35.10%、34.12%和38.90%,均比無菌對(duì)照高13.67%~18.45%。施用菌劑的玉米秸稈的纖維素、半纖維素和木質(zhì)素的降解率也明顯高于無菌對(duì)照。同時(shí)結(jié)合電鏡掃描的結(jié)果顯示,菌株對(duì)秸稈的降解從內(nèi)部開始進(jìn)行,然后使整個(gè)秸稈組織結(jié)構(gòu)開始呈現(xiàn)松散狀態(tài),施用混合菌劑處理的玉米秸稈對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞程度較高。秸稈還田下施用秸稈降解菌劑對(duì)提高土壤養(yǎng)分含量及土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量有促進(jìn)作用,不同處理均明顯高于未施加菌劑的處理。施加菌劑對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量可增加11.64%~27.46%,比空白對(duì)照高出29.33%~44.12%,施用秸稈降解菌劑使土壤速效氮、磷、鉀均有不同程度的增加,其中土壤速效磷含量增加可達(dá)12.46%~42.2%,尤其是施加混合菌劑的增加程度最為明顯。同時(shí)施用菌劑對(duì)土壤酶活力的提高也有明顯作用,其中土壤脲酶的增加最為明顯,可達(dá)55.88%~68.21%,而施加混合菌劑對(duì)土壤脲酶含量的增加最大,較未施加菌劑的高61.42%。對(duì)土壤轉(zhuǎn)化酶、土壤磷酸酶以及土壤過氧化氫酶,均有不同程度的增加。
[Abstract]:Straw is an improved straw utilization, effective measures to improve soil fertility, it is also a main way of straw resources utilization. But in the North due to temperature and other factors, after the straw into the soil, decaying slowly, reach the expected effect. In order to make the straw in the fast rot low temperature solution. To fertilize the soil, and not under the influence of season cultivation, while straw application of low temperature and high efficiency rapid decomposition of straw inoculants is very necessary. The application of low temperature straw degrading bacteria have certain effects on soil nutrients. Therefore, low temperature straw degrading bacteria to fertilization on soil nutrient, soil enzyme activity and it has important theoretical and practical significance. The pot simulation of straw cultivation analysis combined with laboratory test, studied the low temperature straw degrading enzyme activity of straw. Returning straw degrading bacteria under low temperature on the degradation of straw and soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, to clarify the mechanism of low temperature straw degrading bacteria under the condition of low temperature degradation of straw, to provide a theoretical basis for straw inoculants in field application. The results show that the choice of the A14 and A41 of two strains of bacteria cultivation, 8D at the temperature of 12 DEG C, microbial enzyme activity reached the maximum value, the cellulase activity of A14 was 28.95U/ml, A14 and A41 mixed strains, cellulase activity reached 36.54U/ml. cellulase activity, amylase activity were each inoculum, pectinase activity and lignin enzyme activity peak appeared in 8D culture, therefore the 8D in culture, the strongest activity agent. High enzyme activity of mixed agents, so in the process of degradation, the degradation rate was also lower than that of other agents. After 8D, the same kind of bacteria All kinds of enzyme activity in different strains. Among them, strain A14 showed: strain A14 showed: cellulase amylase pectinase lignin enzyme; A41 showed cellulase amylase pectinase enzyme lignin; and A14 showed the same regularity, mixed bacteria showed: cellulase enzyme amylase enzyme lignin pectin enzyme, enzyme activity and enzyme activity mixed agents were higher than that of single strain; this shows that the two increase will promote the activity of mixed bacteria; in low temperature condition, the better degradation effect of cellulase produced more strains on the straw degradation, but also has high amylase and pectinase on straw is useful. In the simulation of straw pot culture experiment, in cultured 20d, strain A14, A41 and mixed strains of corn straw cellulose degradation rate reached 35.10%, 34.12% and 38.90% were 13.67%~18 higher than aseptic The application of.45%. agent of corn straw cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degradation rate is significantly higher than the control. At the same time combined with aseptic scanning electron microscopy showed that the degradation of straw was started from the inside, then the whole organization structure has a loose straw state, maize straw mixed agents applied to structural damage a higher degree. Under the application of straw straw degrading bacteria have effect on improving the content of soil nutrient content and soil organic matter, different treatments were significantly higher than the treatment without inoculum. Imposetheagents on soil organic matter content increased 11.64%~27.46%, 29.33%~44.12% higher than the blank control, the application of straw degrading bacteria to soil available nitrogen, phosphorus K, increased, the content of soil available phosphorus increased up to 12.46%~42.2%, especially applying mixed agents increase process Is the most obvious. At the same time improve the application of microbial inoculum on soil enzyme activity also has obvious effect, which increased soil urease was the most, up to 55.88%~68.21%, while applying mixed agents on soil urease content increase, high 61.42%. is applied to agents on soil invertase, phosphatase and catalase, there were different the degree of increase.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X712;X172

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1564883