本文選題：有機(jī)物料　切入點(diǎn)：土壤碳氮　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：寧夏地處我國西北內(nèi)陸農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)帶,屬于中溫帶半干旱大陸性氣候�，F(xiàn)有沙化土地1.26×104km2,占寧夏總面積的24.3%�；哪粌H使當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳瞽h(huán)境受到影響,而且已經(jīng)成為制約寧夏經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸因素。因此,修復(fù)沙化土壤,促進(jìn)生態(tài)恢復(fù)對(duì)該地區(qū)意義重大。本研究選取寧夏常見的幾種有機(jī)物料,以寧夏銀川腹部沙化土壤為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)置三種不同處理類型,即：A)土壤中添加同一質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(5%)的7種不同類型有機(jī)添加物；B)土壤中添加不同添加比例(0%/CK、2%、5%、8%、11%)的同一種有機(jī)添加物；C)同一有機(jī)物料的在土壤改良中的不同處理方式(粉碎物覆蓋、枝條覆蓋、粉碎物添加、粉碎物添加+枝條覆蓋)。研究了處理1年以后的沙化土壤含水量、土壤碳氮、微生物數(shù)量、土壤酶活性以及微生物碳氮的變化。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.與對(duì)照相比,添加不同類型有機(jī)添加物料處理除對(duì)土壤含水量和pH值影響不顯著外伊0.05),均能顯著提高不同深度(0～10cm、10～20cm)有機(jī)碳、全氮、土壤酶活性(過氧化氫酶、脲酶、纖維素酶)、微生物數(shù)量(細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌)和微生物量碳氮含量(P0.05),且各指標(biāo)含量均隨深度的增加而逐漸升高；但不同材料對(duì)提高的效果存在一定差異,不同類型有機(jī)添加物料修復(fù)沙化土壤綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)排序?yàn)椋禾砑踊睒渲l粉碎物添加小麥秸稈粉碎物添加榆樹枝條粉碎物添加稻殼添加葡萄枝條粉碎物添加楊樹枝條粉碎物添加有機(jī)肥對(duì)照。2.與對(duì)照相比,添加不同比例同一種有機(jī)添加物料處理均能顯著(P0.05)提高不同深度(0～ 10cm、10～20cm)土壤含水量、有機(jī)碳、全氮、土壤酶活性(過氧化氫、脲酶、纖維素酶)、微生物數(shù)量(細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌)和微生物量碳氮含量,且均隨添加比例的增加呈上升趨勢,各處理之間pH差異不顯著(P0.05),但總體呈下降趨勢,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)含量隨深度的增加而逐漸增加。添加不同比例同一種有機(jī)添加物料修復(fù)沙化土壤綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)排序?yàn)椋?1%楊樹枝條粉碎物8%楊樹枝條粉碎物5%楊樹枝條粉碎物2%楊樹枝條粉碎物對(duì)照。3.與對(duì)照相比,5%楊樹枝條粉碎物添加和5%楊樹枝條粉碎物添加+枝蓋處理能顯著提高不同深度(0～10cm、10～20cm)有機(jī)碳、全氮、微生物數(shù)量(細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌)、土壤酶活性(過氧化氫酶、脲酶、纖維素酶)和微生物量碳氮含量(P0.05),而降低土壤pH；枝條粉碎物覆蓋和枝條覆蓋處理能不同程度提高含水量、有機(jī)碳、土壤酶活性(過氧化氫酶、脲酶、纖維素酶)、微生物量碳含量和pH,而降低微生物數(shù)量(細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌)和微生物量氮含量,但差異不顯著(除楊樹枝條粉碎物覆蓋處理含水量)(P0.05)；不同處理各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)含量隨深度的增加而逐漸增加。不同有機(jī)材料不同處理方式修復(fù)沙化土壤綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)排序?yàn)椋?%楊樹枝條粉碎物添加+枝蓋5%楊樹枝條粉碎物添加楊樹枝條粉碎物覆蓋楊樹枝條覆蓋對(duì)照。研究結(jié)果表明,有機(jī)物料添加處理均能提高不同深度土壤的貯水能力、碳氮含量及微生物活性,但添加材料類型、添加比例及處理方式對(duì)土壤性質(zhì)影響的效果有所不同。從微生物學(xué)角度推測,利用農(nóng)林業(yè)廢棄有機(jī)物料改良沙化土壤效果明顯。可以在這方面進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)研究,為未來沙地治理提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ningxia is located in China's northwest ecotone, belonging to the temperate semi-arid continental climate. The existing desertified land of 1.26 * 104km2, Ningxia accounted for 24.3%. of the total area of desertification is not only the living environment of local residents affected, and has become the bottleneck factors restricting the sustainable development of economy and society in Ningxia. Therefore, restoration of desertification the soil, promote the ecological restoration in the region of great significance. This study selected several common organic materials in Ningxia, Ningxia to Yinchuan abdominal sandy soil as the research object, setting three different types, namely: A) adding the same mass fraction in the soil (5%) of the 7 different types of organic additives; B) in soil adding different proportion (0%/CK, 2%, 5%, 8%, 11%) of the same kind of organic additives; C) of different treatments in soil improvement in the same organic material (product coverage, branch coverage, crushed Tim Plus, add crushed branches covering). + on the sandy soil moisture after 1 years, soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial quantity, soil enzyme activity and microbial carbon and nitrogen changes. The main results are as follows: 1. compared with the control, adding different types of organic material processing in addition to soil moisture and pH no significant effect of Iraq 0.05), was significantly increased at different depths (0 ~ 10cm, 10 ~ 20cm) of organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil enzyme activity (catalase, urease, cellulase), microorganism (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (P0.05), and the content of all indexes were gradually increased with depth; but there are some differences in improving the effect of different materials, different types of organic material added to the restoration of the sandy soil comprehensive evaluation index is: add add crushed crushed wheat straw added Yu tree branches Branches of the crushed rice husk add crushed poplar branches add add crushed add organic fertilizer.2. compared with adding different proportion of grape branches, with an added organic material treatment can significantly improve (P0.05) at different depths (0 ~ 10cm, 10 ~ 20cm) of soil moisture, organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil enzyme activity (catalase, urease, cellulase), microorganism (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, and increased with the adding proportion increased, pH was not significantly different between the treatments (P0.05), but the overall downward trend, increasing the content of each index decreased with depth increased. Adding different proportions of the same kind of organic material added to the restoration of the sandy soil comprehensive evaluation index: 11% poplar branches crushed 8% poplar branches crushed 5% poplar branches crushed 2% poplar branches crushed and to control.3. CK, 5% poplar branches crushed and added 5% branches of poplar branches add crushed + cover treatment could significantly improve the different depth (0 ~ 10cm, 10 ~ 20cm) of organic carbon, total nitrogen, number of microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi), soil enzyme activity (catalase, urease, cellulase) microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content (P0.05), and decreased soil pH; branches and branches covering crushing cover treatment can enhance the different levels of water content, organic carbon, soil enzyme activity (catalase, urease, cellulase), microbial biomass carbon content and pH, and reduce the microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) and microbial biomass nitrogen content, but the difference was not significant (except poplar branches crushed covering water) (P0.05); different treatment increased the content of each index with depth increased. Different organic materials are not the same way to repair the sandy soil comprehensive evaluation index Order: 5% branches of poplar branches cover 5% + add crushed poplar branches add crushed poplar branches crushed covered poplar branches covering control. The results show that the addition of organic materials could enhance the water storage capacity of different depth of soil carbon, nitrogen content and microbial activity, but add the type of material, effect the adding proportion and treatments on soil properties have different effects. That from the perspective of Microbiology, waste organic materials improved obviously by sandy soil in agriculture and forestry. Can further strengthen the research in this area, to provide a theoretical basis for future sand control.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S153.6;S154.3

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