本文關(guān)鍵詞： MUSLE 泥沙河道演算 土壤侵蝕模型　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水土流失是流域非點(diǎn)源污染的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)力,土壤侵蝕本身也是非點(diǎn)源污染的一種主要類型與方式。綜合利用遙感、GIS技術(shù),研究流域尺度土壤侵蝕定量評價(jià)方法,對流域水土資源管理以及非點(diǎn)源污染控制具有重要的意義。MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation)是美國土壤保護(hù)研究所開發(fā)的流域尺度土壤侵蝕計(jì)算模型,該模型綜合考慮了影響土壤侵蝕狀況的土壤可蝕性、坡度坡長、植被覆蓋和管理措施、地表徑流等因子,目前廣泛應(yīng)用于流域尺度水土流失過程模擬計(jì)算。本文以MUSLE模型為核心,在流域土壤侵蝕過程分析的基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)了可用于于流域非點(diǎn)源污染快速估算的分布式土壤侵蝕過程模型。本文的研究內(nèi)容與成果如下：(1) 在流域土壤侵蝕過程分解和集成分析的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了MUSLE模型的基本原理,研究了模型計(jì)算涉及的土壤可蝕性因子、植被覆蓋因子、保持措施因子、坡度坡長因子等參數(shù)的計(jì)算方法,研究了基于泥沙沉積和沖刷計(jì)算的河道泥沙水力學(xué)演算方法,分析總結(jié)了流域尺度土壤侵蝕和泥沙傳輸分布式計(jì)算的相關(guān)理論,構(gòu)建了模型開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)理論框架；(2) 研究了土壤侵蝕分布式計(jì)算的模型結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)據(jù)組織方法,在Microsoft Studio.NET編程環(huán)境下,采用面向?qū)ο蟮腃#語言,借助模塊化的建模思想,構(gòu)建了由坡面產(chǎn)沙模塊、河道輸沙模塊為核心的流域尺度分布式土壤侵蝕計(jì)算模型；利用GIS的空間數(shù)據(jù)處理功能,以ArcgisEngine為輔助平臺,開發(fā)了分布式計(jì)算的數(shù)據(jù)獲取和組織、結(jié)果可視化顯示、模擬結(jié)果校正等功能模塊；(3) 分別以中田舍流域和瀲水河流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū),利用本文開發(fā)的模型對兩個(gè)流域的土壤侵蝕和泥沙河道產(chǎn)出過程進(jìn)行了分布式的計(jì)算,利用觀測數(shù)據(jù)對模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了校正和驗(yàn)證,并對模型適用性進(jìn)行了評價(jià)。對中田舍流域2009-2014年進(jìn)行模擬證明,由于受到清淤等人為措施的影響,總體模擬精度較低。但在排除受人為措施影響較大的年份,年產(chǎn)沙量模擬值和實(shí)測值相比較,決定系數(shù)(R2)和納什系數(shù)(Ens)分別可以達(dá)到0.96和0.89,月產(chǎn)沙量的R2和Ens分別為0.92和0.69,模擬精度較高；為了進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證模型,選擇瀲水河流域2000-2009年產(chǎn)沙過程再次進(jìn)行模擬驗(yàn)證,年產(chǎn)沙量R2為0.88,Ens為0.84；月產(chǎn)沙量R2為0.9,Ens為0.82,模擬精度較高,說明模型在兩個(gè)流域具有較好的適用性。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is the main driving force of non-point source pollution, and soil erosion itself is a main type and mode of non-point source pollution. It is of great significance to water and soil resources management and non-point source pollution control in watershed. MUSLE modified Universal Soil Loss Equation.MUSLE is a watershed scale soil erosion calculation model developed by the United States soil Conservation Institute. The model takes into account such factors as soil erodibility, slope length, vegetation cover and management measures, surface runoff and so on. At present, it is widely used in watershed scale soil erosion process simulation. The MUSLE model is used as the core in this paper. Based on the analysis of watershed soil erosion process, a distributed soil erosion process model for rapid estimation of non-point source pollution in watershed is developed. The research contents and results are as follows: 1) decomposition in watershed soil erosion process. And integration analysis, The basic principle of MUSLE model is analyzed, and the calculation methods of soil erodibility factor, vegetation cover factor, conservation measure factor, slope length factor and so on are studied. Based on the calculation of sediment deposition and erosion, the hydraulic calculation method of river channel sediment is studied, and the relevant theories of distributed calculation of soil erosion and sediment transport in river basin are analyzed and summarized. The model structure and data organization method of soil erosion distributed computing are studied in this paper. In the Microsoft Studio.NET programming environment, the object-oriented C # language is adopted and the modular modeling idea is used. A watershed scale distributed soil erosion calculation model with sediment yield module and channel sediment transport module as the core is constructed, and the data acquisition and organization of distributed computing are developed using spatial data processing function of GIS and ArcgisEngine as the auxiliary platform. The results show that the simulation results correction and other functional modules, such as simulation results correction, are used in the distributed calculation of soil erosion and sediment channel production processes in the middle Tianshe and Lianshui river basins, respectively, using the model developed in this paper. The simulation results were calibrated and verified by observation data, and the applicability of the model was evaluated. The simulation of Zhongtianshe Basin from 2009-2014 proved that due to the influence of artificial measures such as desilting, The simulation accuracy of the whole simulation is low. But in the year when the anthropogenic measures are excluded, the simulated value of annual sediment yield is compared with the measured value. The determinant coefficients R2) and Nash coefficients can reach 0.96 and 0.89, respectively, and the R2 and Ens of monthly sediment yield are 0.92 and 0.69, respectively, so the simulation accuracy is higher. In order to further verify the model, the Lianshui River basin sediment production process from 2000 to 2009 is selected to be simulated again. The annual sediment yield R2 is 0.88N Ens, and the monthly sediment yield R 2 is 0.92%. The simulation accuracy is high, which indicates that the model is suitable for the two watersheds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157

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