本文關(guān)鍵詞： 人工降雨 坡度 翻耕位置 翻耕深度 產(chǎn)流 產(chǎn)沙　出處：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為研究坡耕地上不同翻耕位置和深度的水土流失影響,本試驗(yàn)選在山西省呂梁市方山縣沙溝水土保持監(jiān)測(cè)站,在55mm/h雨強(qiáng)條件下對(duì)不同坡度(5°、10°、15°)、不同翻耕位置(坡面上部、坡面中部、坡面下部)及不同翻耕深度(10cm、15cm、20cm)共27種組合條件進(jìn)行人工模擬降雨,研究不同的處理組合對(duì)坡面徑流和土壤侵蝕的影響,經(jīng)過分析主要得出以下結(jié)論：(1)在55mm/h雨強(qiáng)條件下,開始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間隨著坡度的增大而減小,隨翻耕位置的上、中、下依次增大,隨著翻耕深度的增加而增加；坡度、翻耕位置及翻耕深度對(duì)開始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間的均為極顯著影響(P0.01),且顯著水平表現(xiàn)為：坡度翻耕位置翻耕深度。(2)在55mm/h雨強(qiáng)條件下,不論哪種組合條件,徑流隨時(shí)間均是先增大后逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定；徑流量隨著坡度的增加而增加,隨著翻耕位置的中、上、下而增大,隨著翻耕深度的增大而減小；坡度及翻耕位置對(duì)產(chǎn)流開始后27mmin所得到的徑流總量均為極顯著影響(P0.01),翻耕深度對(duì)產(chǎn)流開始后27mmin所得到的徑流總量影響不顯著(P0.05)；對(duì)徑流總量影響顯著水平表現(xiàn)為：坡度翻耕位置翻耕深度。(3)在55mm/h雨強(qiáng)條件下,不論哪種組合條件,坡面徑流泥沙濃度隨降雨的進(jìn)行整體上呈現(xiàn)先減小,后逐漸趨于平穩(wěn)的狀態(tài)；坡面徑流泥沙濃度隨坡度的增大而增大,產(chǎn)流開始后27mmin所得到的累計(jì)泥沙量隨著翻耕位置的中、上、下而增大,隨著翻耕深度的增大而增大；坡度及翻耕位置對(duì)產(chǎn)流開始后27min所得到的累計(jì)產(chǎn)沙量均影響顯著,且顯著水平為極顯著(P0.01),翻耕深度對(duì)累計(jì)產(chǎn)沙量影響不顯著；對(duì)累計(jì)產(chǎn)沙量影響顯著水平表現(xiàn)為：坡度翻耕位置翻耕深度。(4)坡地開荒選在坡面中部水土保持效益明顯,坡面中部開荒比坡面上部開荒減少產(chǎn)流12.9%～16.0%,減少產(chǎn)沙3.3%～8.1%；坡面中部開荒比坡面下部開荒減少產(chǎn)流31.6%～37.8%,減少產(chǎn)沙40.5%～53.3%。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of soil erosion on different tilling positions and depths on sloping farmland, the experiment was conducted at the Shagou soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station of Fangshan County, Luliang City, Shanxi Province. Under the condition of 55 mm / h rain intensity, the soil and water conservation sites of different slope degrees were 5 擄/ 10 擄/ 15 擄and different tilling positions (upper part of the slope), respectively. The effects of different treatments on runoff and soil erosion were studied by artificial simulation of rainfall under 27 combinations of different tillage depths (10 cm ~ (15) cm ~ (20 cm)) and different tillage depth (10 cm ~ (10) ~ 15 cm ~ (20 cm)) in the middle and lower part of slope surface. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) under the condition of 55 mm / h rain intensity, the beginning time of runoff production decreases with the increase of slope, increases in turn with the top, middle and lower of tilling position, and increases with the increase of tillage depth. The effects of tilling position and depth on the initial runoff yield were very significant, and the significant level was as follows: tilling depth of tilling position at slope tilling position. (2) under 55 mm / h rain intensity, no matter which combination condition, Runoff increases first and then tends to be stable with time, runoff increases with the increase of slope, increases with the middle, top and bottom of tilling position, and decreases with the increase of tillage depth. The slope and tilling position had significant effects on the total runoff after 27 min of runoff production, while the depth of tillage had no significant effect on the total runoff of 27 min after the beginning of runoff production, and the significant level of the effect on the total runoff was as follows: (1) the effect of tilling depth on the total amount of runoff was significant (P < 0.01), but the effect of tillage depth on the total amount of runoff was not significant (P 0.05). Slope tilling position tillage depth. 3) under 55 mm / h rain intensity, No matter which combination condition, the sediment concentration of runoff decreases first and then tends to steady gradually with the rainfall, and the sediment concentration of runoff increases with the increase of slope. The accumulative sediment amount obtained at 27 min after the beginning of runoff production increased with the middle, upper, lower and higher tillage depth, and the slope and tilling position significantly affected the accumulated sediment yield at 27 min after the beginning of runoff production. The significant level was P0.01N, the effect of tillage depth on the cumulative sediment yield was not significant, and the significant effect on the accumulated sediment yield was as follows: tilling depth of slope tilling position, tillage depth. 4) the benefit of soil and water conservation in the middle of the slope was obvious. In the middle part of the slope, there was a decrease of 31.6% and 40.5% and 53.3% in the middle part of the slope than in the lower part of the slope, while in the middle part of the slope it was lower than that in the lower part of the slope, while in the middle part of the slope it was lower than that in the lower part of the slope, and the yield of sand was decreased by 40.5% and 53.3%, compared with that in the middle part of the slope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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本文編號(hào)：1552643