發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-01 02:17

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生物脫氮 洛克沙胂 微生物毒性 遷移和生物轉(zhuǎn)化 生物群落多樣性　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：洛克沙胂(4-羥基-3-硝基苯砷酸)是一種被廣泛用于畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的飼料添加劑,其很難在動(dòng)物體內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)化,會(huì)隨動(dòng)物的排泄進(jìn)入環(huán)境。環(huán)境中的洛克沙腫容易在生物或非生物的作用下轉(zhuǎn)化為毒性和遷移性更強(qiáng)的無機(jī)砷。最終洛克沙胂及其轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物通過糞肥的施用進(jìn)入土壤,通過廢棄物的露天堆放由雨水的沖刷帶入自然水體或通過下滲進(jìn)入地下含水層引發(fā)潛在的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。當(dāng)洛克沙腫隨動(dòng)物糞便進(jìn)入養(yǎng)殖廢水時(shí),很有可能對(duì)養(yǎng)殖廢水的生物處理過程造成不利影響。本文從洛克沙胂和活性污泥微生物在廢水處理過程中的交互作用出發(fā),系統(tǒng)的研究了洛克沙腫對(duì)生物脫氮過程的干預(yù)及其行為。具體包括：洛克沙胂對(duì)生物脫氮過程的急性干預(yù)；洛克沙胂對(duì)生物脫氮系統(tǒng)的長期生態(tài)影響；洛克沙胂的長期脅迫對(duì)活性污泥微生物種群結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,本文取得幾條重要結(jié)論并簡(jiǎn)述如下：(1)洛克沙胂及其生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物對(duì)生物脫氮過程具有顯著的不利影響,并且通過一段時(shí)間的馴化并不能使情況好轉(zhuǎn)。與硝化階段相比,反硝化階段無機(jī)砷的生成導(dǎo)致微生物的反硝化作用被更強(qiáng)烈的抑制。(2)洛克沙胂在生物脫氮過程中很難被去除和生物轉(zhuǎn)化,極少量的洛克沙胂轉(zhuǎn)化為4-羥基-3-氨基苯砷酸(HAPA)和無機(jī)砷,這增加了微生物微生態(tài)環(huán)境中的無機(jī)砷含量。污泥絮體中無機(jī)砷的富集使微生物胞外聚合物和細(xì)胞內(nèi)的無機(jī)砷水平升高,最終抑制了活性污泥微生物的呼吸作用和多種酶活性。(3)洛克沙胂的長期脅迫使活性污泥系統(tǒng)中的微生物多樣性明顯下降且改變了活性污泥微生物的群落結(jié)構(gòu)。氣單胞菌屬和嗜甲基菌科的細(xì)菌逐漸取代了活性污泥中不動(dòng)桿菌屬細(xì)菌的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位,成為新的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌種。
[Abstract]:Roxarsone (4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene arsenic acid) is a feed additive widely used in livestock and poultry breeding, which is difficult to transform in animals. The roxarsone can enter the environment with the excretion of animals. The roxarsone in the environment is easily converted into inorganic arsenic, which is more toxic and migratory, under the action of biological or abiotic. Finally, roxarsone and its transformation products enter the soil through manure application. Potential environmental risks arise from the open-air piling of waste by Rain Water's scouring into natural waters or from infiltration into underground aquifers. When Locke's sand swells into the aquiculture wastewater with animal droppings, In this paper, the interaction between roxarsone and activated sludge microorganisms in the process of wastewater treatment is discussed. The intervention and behavior of roxarsone on biological denitrification process were systematically studied, including the acute intervention of roxarsone on biological denitrification process, the long-term ecological effect of roxarsone on biological denitrification system, and the effect of roxarsone on biological denitrification. The effects of roxarsone on the microbial population structure of activated sludge were studied. Several important conclusions were obtained and summarized as follows: 1) roxarsone and its biotransformation products had significant adverse effects on the biological denitrification process. And after a period of acclimation, things don't get better. Compared with the nitrification stage, The formation of inorganic arsenic in denitrification stage results in stronger inhibition of microbial denitrification.) roxarsone is difficult to be removed and biotransformed during biological denitrification. A very small amount of roxarsone was converted to 4-hydroxy-3-aminobenzene arsenate (HAPA) and inorganic arsenic. The concentration of inorganic arsenic in sludge floc increased the levels of inorganic arsenic in the extracellular polymers of microorganism and in the cells. The microbial diversity in activated sludge system was significantly decreased and the community structure of activated sludge microorganism was changed under the long-term stress of roxarsone. Acinetobacter bacteria in activated sludge were gradually replaced by bacteria belonging to the genus Monomonas and methanophilic bacteria. To become a new dominant strain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X713

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