本文關鍵詞： 炭化蘋果枝 根區(qū)土壤 Illumina高通量測序 細菌 真菌　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學》2016年17期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：【目的】根區(qū)土壤微生物是影響根系環(huán)境的重要因素,炭化蘋果枝是廢棄果樹枝條低氧高溫熱解產(chǎn)物,研究施用炭化蘋果枝對蘋果根區(qū)土壤細菌和真菌的群落結(jié)構(gòu)及其多樣性的影響,為炭化蘋果枝的合理應用以及改善果園土壤生物學性狀提供理論依據(jù)�！痉椒ā吭诖杭�,將長勢一致的2年生‘富士’蘋果幼樹(砧木為平邑甜茶)移栽到含有不同質(zhì)量比(0—4%)炭化蘋果枝的盆栽土壤中,于移栽120 d后采集土樣,提取基因組DNA,通過PCR擴增建立文庫,利用Miseq平臺Illumina第二代高通量測序技術并結(jié)合相關生物信息學分析土壤細菌16S r RNA基因V3+V4區(qū)域和真菌ITS1區(qū)域的豐富度和多樣性指數(shù)以及群落結(jié)構(gòu)�！窘Y(jié)果】從15個蘋果根區(qū)土壤樣本中獲得16 656個細菌分類操作單元(OTU)和435個真菌OTU,其中,變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes)和酸桿菌門(Acidobacteria)是優(yōu)勢細菌,其相對豐度共占70.68%—72.80%;擔子菌門(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌門(Ascomycota)和接合菌門(Zygomycota)是優(yōu)勢真菌,其相對豐度共占68.00%—75.14%。群落物種豐富度指數(shù)(Chao指數(shù)和Ace指數(shù))分析顯示,1%炭化蘋果枝增加了細菌的群落豐富度,其Chao指數(shù)提高了15.42%,Ace指數(shù)提高3.89%;0.5%炭化蘋果枝增加了真菌的群落豐富度,其Chao指數(shù)提高了2.80%,Ace指數(shù)提高了3.61%。群落多樣性指數(shù)(Shannon指數(shù)和Simpson指數(shù))分析表明,0.5%—4%炭化蘋果枝降低了土壤細菌的多樣性,增加了土壤真菌的多樣性;其中,細菌群落多樣性Shannon指數(shù)在炭化蘋果枝用量為1%時最低,真菌Shannon指數(shù)在炭化蘋果枝用量為0.5%時最高。1%、2%和4%的炭化蘋果枝均不同程度地降低了根區(qū)土壤變形菌門、酸桿菌門和擔子菌門的相對豐度,提高了擬桿菌門和接合菌門的相對豐度;真菌擔子菌門中的銹革孔菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)的相對豐度最大(數(shù)值在31.99%—46.74%),施用1%、2%和4%的炭化蘋果枝可使其降低。0.5%—4%的炭化蘋果枝能增加不同處理所獨有的細菌OTU數(shù)目,改變細菌類群組成,其中獨有的細菌OTU數(shù)目是共有OTU數(shù)目的 1—3倍,但對真菌類群組成沒有明顯影響�！窘Y(jié)論】施用0.5%—4%(w/w)炭化蘋果枝明顯改變蘋果根區(qū)土壤細菌和真菌的豐富度和多樣性,增加各用量下所特有的細菌物種,其中1%的炭化蘋果枝明顯提高根區(qū)土壤細菌的豐富度。
[Abstract]:[objective] soil microorganism in root zone is an important factor affecting root environment, and carbonized apple branch is the product of low oxygen and high temperature pyrolysis of abandoned fruit tree branch. The effects of the application of carbonized apple branches on the community structure and diversity of bacteria and fungi in apple root zone were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of carbonized apple branches and the improvement of soil biological properties in orchards. [methods] in spring, Two year old 'Fuji' apple trees (the rootstock was Pingyi sweet tea) were transplanted into pot soil containing different mass ratio of 0-4% and carbonized apple branches. After 120 days of transplanting, soil samples were collected, genomic DNAs were extracted, and the library was established by PCR amplification. The richness, diversity index and community structure of the V3 V4 region of 16S r RNA gene and the ITS1 region of fungi were analyzed by using the second generation high-throughput sequencing technique of Illumina on the Miseq platform and the related bioinformatics. 16,656 bacterial taxonomic operating units (OTU) and 435 fungi OTU were obtained from apple root soil samples. Proteobacteria (Bacteroidetes) and Acidobacteria acidobacteriae (Acidobacteria) are dominant bacteria, and their relative abundance is 70.68-72.80. Basidiomycotaa, Ascomycotaa and Zygomycotata are dominant fungi. Its relative abundance accounted for 68.00-75.14.The analysis of species richness index Chao index and Ace index showed that 1% carbonized apple branch increased bacterial community richness, and its Chao index increased 15.42Ace index by 3.89% and 0.5% carbonized apple branch increased the community richness of fungi. Its Chao index increased 2.80% and Ace index increased 3.61.The analysis of community diversity index Shannon index and Simpson index showed that 0.5 ~ 4% carbonized apple branches decreased the diversity of soil bacteria and increased the diversity of soil fungi. The Shannon index of bacterial community diversity was the lowest when the amount of carbonized apple branch was 1, and the highest value of fungal Shannon index was at 0.5% for carbonized apple branch and 4%% for carbonized apple branch. The relative abundance of acidomycetes and basidiomycetes increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Basidiomycetes. The relative abundance of Hymenochaetaceae in basidiomycetes is the highest (the value is 31.99-46.7441). The application of 1% and 4% carbonized apple branches can reduce the number of bacterial OTU and change the composition of bacteria by adding 0.5-4% carbonized apple branches. The number of unique bacterial OTU was 1-3 times that of OTU, but it had no obvious effect on the composition of fungi. [conclusion] the application of 0.5 ~ 4w / w) carbonized apple branches significantly changed the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil of apple root zone. 1% of the carbonized apple branches significantly increased the richness of bacteria in the soil of root zone by increasing the specific bacterial species under different dosage.
【作者單位】： 山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學園藝科學與工程學院/作物生物學國家重點實驗室;
【基金】：國家“十二五”科技支撐計劃(2014BAD16B02) 國家自然科學基金(31372016)
【分類號】：S661.1;S154.3

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