本文關(guān)鍵詞： 測釬法 土壤侵蝕 土壤堆積 動態(tài)變化　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：土壤侵蝕是當今學術(shù)界研究的重點領(lǐng)域之一,其嚴重阻礙人類生存和發(fā)展,是當今人類社會重大環(huán)境災(zāi)害,同時也是我國開展國土整治的重要內(nèi)容之一。對于區(qū)域土壤侵蝕的動態(tài)研究可以直觀地反映出區(qū)域內(nèi)的土壤侵蝕隨時間、空間以及景觀的變化而產(chǎn)生的相應(yīng)變化。而事實上在同一時空內(nèi),土壤侵蝕和土壤堆積往往是同時進行共同作用的,所以對區(qū)域土壤侵蝕與堆積的動態(tài)研究可以更加真實的反映一定時空內(nèi)的動態(tài)變化,為科學分析及決策提供可靠的依據(jù)。本文以內(nèi)蒙古錫林郭勒盟阿巴嘎旗呼日查干淖爾湖湖濱帶為研究區(qū),采用測釬法對其進行了為期一年的土壤侵蝕與堆積動態(tài)變化連續(xù)性監(jiān)測,并在此觀測數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上開展了分析研究,以期對后續(xù)的生態(tài)研究和治理提供可靠、真實的科學依據(jù)。本項研究主要內(nèi)容包括:⑴在干湖盆周邊湖濱帶系統(tǒng)布置測釬并進行一年的連續(xù)性觀測(積雪期除外,下同),分析研究湖濱帶的不同區(qū)域、不同時間、不同景觀類型土壤表層風力侵蝕與堆積強度的動態(tài)變化過程。⑵在干湖盆西北部沙地沿風沙運行方向(西北→東南)系列布置測釬并進行一年的連續(xù)性觀測,分析研究該地段沙丘的不同部位風力侵蝕與堆積的動態(tài)變化過程,進一步分析干湖盆西北沙源地對干湖盆供沙的宏觀過程和影響。⑶在干湖盆南部沙地沿風沙運行方向(西北→東南)系列布置測釬并進行一年的連續(xù)性觀測,分析研究該地段沙丘的不同部位風力侵蝕與堆積的動態(tài)變化過程,進一步分析干湖盆對渾善達克沙地北部邊緣供沙的宏觀過程和影響。研究表明:區(qū)域內(nèi)風力侵蝕和堆積同時進行,且隨著時間、空間和景觀類型的變化其強度也發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。春季普遍侵蝕強度較大,夏秋季堆積強度較大;干湖盆邊緣侵蝕強度較大;典型草地景觀類型土壤侵蝕和堆積強度較小,芨芨草草甸景觀類型以及堿蓬景觀類型侵蝕堆積強度次之,鹽堿裸地侵蝕堆積強度最大;西北沙地和南部沙地向風坡侵蝕強度較大,背風坡堆積強度較大;西北部沙源對干湖盆有從西北到東南的供沙過程;南部沙源對渾善達克沙地北部邊緣有從西北到東南的供沙過程。分析表明:有發(fā)育較好的植被保護地段侵蝕和堆積的過程均較弱;有人工栽培的堿蓬群落地段,在堿蓬生長季節(jié),侵蝕堆積過程不明顯或有不同程度的堆積;在有白刺沙包保護的地段,大風期呈明顯堆積狀態(tài);干湖盆西北處沙地的北部緊鄰草地,但是在長期的過度放牧的作用下,地表已經(jīng)嚴重破損,成為查干淖爾湖干湖盆西北部的主要沙物質(zhì)來源,加之西北風強勁月份,發(fā)生其為干湖盆源源不斷的進行供沙的過程;在春季強勁的西北風作用下,整個南部沙地均呈侵蝕狀態(tài),大量的沙子隨著大風被攜帶到渾善達克沙地腹地,呈現(xiàn)連續(xù)不斷地進行供沙過程。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is one of the key areas of academic research, which seriously hinders the survival and development of human beings, and is a major environmental disaster in human society. At the same time, it is also one of the important contents of land regulation in China. The dynamic study of regional soil erosion can directly reflect the time of soil erosion in the region. The corresponding changes in space and landscape. In fact, in the same time and space, soil erosion and soil accumulation often work together at the same time. Therefore, the dynamic study of regional soil erosion and accumulation can more truly reflect the dynamic changes in a certain time and space. For scientific analysis and decision making, this paper takes the Hulingzhagan Nur Lake lakeside zone of Arbagal Banner of Xilin, Inner Mongolia, as the research area. The continuous monitoring of dynamic changes of soil erosion and accumulation for one year was carried out by using the method of drilling, and the analysis and research were carried out on the basis of the observed data in order to provide a reliable basis for the subsequent ecological research and management. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) in the dry lake basin surrounding the lakeside zone system, the drill drill is arranged and observed continuously for one year (except for the snow period, the following is the same as the following), the different regions and times of the lakeside zone are analyzed and studied. Dynamic process of Wind erosion and accumulation intensity of soil Surface in different Landscape types. 鈫扐 series of drill bits were arranged and observed continuously for one year to analyze and study the dynamic process of wind erosion and accumulation in different parts of sand dunes in this area. Further analysis of the macro-process and influence of sand source land on dry lake basin in the dry lake basin along the direction of wind-sand movement in the southern part of dry lake basin (Northwest China). 鈫扐 series of drill bits were arranged and observed continuously for one year to analyze and study the dynamic process of wind erosion and accumulation in different parts of sand dunes in this area. The macroscopic process and influence of dry lake basin on sand supply to northern edge of Hunshandake sandy land are further analyzed. The results show that wind erosion and accumulation occur simultaneously in the area, and over time, The intensity of soil erosion and accumulation in the typical grassland landscape type is lower than that in the dry lake basin, and the intensity of general erosion in spring is higher than that in summer and autumn, the intensity of erosion in dry lake basin is larger, the intensity of soil erosion and accumulation in typical grassland landscape type is lower than that in dry lake basin. Achnatherum splendens meadow landscape type and Suaeda salsa landscape type erosion and accumulation intensity is the second, salt and alkali bare land erosion accumulation intensity is the largest, northwest sandy land and southern sandy land to the wind slope erosion intensity is bigger, leeward slope accumulation intensity is bigger; There is a process of sand supply from northwest to southeast to dry lake basin in the northwest of China. There is a process of sand supply from northwest to southeast to the northern edge of Hunshandake sandy land from the southern sandy source. The analysis shows that the erosion and accumulation process is weak in the well-developed vegetation protection area, and there is a cultivated Suaeda salsa community. In the growing season of Suaeda salsa, the process of erosion and accumulation was not obvious or accumulated to varying degrees; in the section protected by Spurs, there was a clear accumulation in gale season; the northern part of sandy land in the northwest part of the dry lake basin was adjacent to the grassland, However, under the action of long-term overgrazing, the surface has been seriously damaged and become the main source of sand material in the northwest of Chagannur Lake dry lake basin, coupled with the strong month of the northwest wind, the process of continuous sand supply to the dry lake basin occurred. Under the action of the strong northwestern wind in spring, the whole southern sandy land was eroded, and a large amount of sand was carried to the hinterland of Hunshandak sandy land with the strong wind, which showed a continuous process of sand supply.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S157

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本文編號：1528247