本文關(guān)鍵詞： 溫室農(nóng)業(yè) 土壤有機碳 土壤養(yǎng)分 土壤微生物群落 土壤p H　出處：《河南科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：溫室農(nóng)業(yè)又稱為狹義設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè),其目的是通過改善植物生長的自然環(huán)境,特別是延長生長時間以提高產(chǎn)量。因此,溫室農(nóng)業(yè)在種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化調(diào)整、農(nóng)業(yè)增效、農(nóng)民增收、增加社會就業(yè)等方面,有著不可替代的作用。然而,在溫室農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中,土壤特性受到影響,如鹽漬化、養(yǎng)分的持續(xù)供應(yīng)、酸化等問題;同時,溫室農(nóng)業(yè)土壤對碳的固定隨著全球氣候變化也引起了人們的重視。本研究針對不加溫型溫室農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng),調(diào)查了其土壤理化和生物學特性的變化,并針對全球關(guān)注的熱點——土壤碳庫問題,研究了溫室農(nóng)業(yè)土壤有機碳庫的變化;在此基礎(chǔ)上,綜合評價了溫室農(nóng)業(yè)對土壤特性的影響,并分析了其變化機制。本研究選擇了山東壽光和河南洛陽的典型溫室,并用附近大田的土壤作對照,在每個溫室樣點采集了0-20、20-40、40-60 cm的3層土壤,共收集土壤樣品500余份,研究了溫室農(nóng)業(yè)土壤特性的變化及其規(guī)律。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)溫室農(nóng)業(yè)土壤有機碳含量顯著增加,增加量隨土層的變化有所不同。對0-60 cm土層而言,溫室土壤在山東和河南分別是大田土壤有機碳含量的1.7和1.3倍。不同土層的變化,在山東0-20 cm、20-40 cm和40-60 cm土層的增加量分別是101.6%、32.0%和25.7%;而在河南增加量則分別為25.7%、28.6%和25.9%。(2)溫室栽培影響土壤微生物的群落組成。溫室土壤與大田土壤相比,細菌數(shù)量增加20.97%,且隨著種植年限的增加,細菌數(shù)量有所增加。放線菌、真菌數(shù)量則出現(xiàn)不同程度的降低。(3)溫室栽培與大田相比,土壤pH有所下降,而隨土層的加深,pH變化量逐漸降低。電導(dǎo)率(EC)和全鹽量則有所增加,另外土壤EC值與全鹽量具有一定的相關(guān)性,在0-20 cm土層EC值與全鹽量呈顯著正相關(guān)(R2=0.9122),但隨著土壤深度的增加相關(guān)性逐漸降低。(4)溫室栽培土壤養(yǎng)分積累明顯,0-20 cm土層養(yǎng)分含量均大于20-40cm、40-60 cm的土層。0-20 cm的表層土壤全氮、全磷含量均處于較高水平,其中全氮含量分別達到了1.26 g/kg(河南)和1.89 g/kg(山東);全磷含量分別達到0.744 g/kg(河南)和0.769 g/kg(山東);而20-40 cm、40-60 cm土壤層氮、磷也有一定程度的積累。土壤速效養(yǎng)分也有所增加,3個不同土層土壤堿解氮含量均有不同程度的積累;速效磷和速效鉀含量均達到中、高水平,尤其是表層土壤的速效磷、速效鉀已呈高富集狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Greenhouse agriculture, also known as facility agriculture in narrow sense, aims to increase yields by improving the natural environment of plant growth, especially by extending the growth time. Therefore, greenhouse agriculture is in the process of optimizing the planting structure, increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income. However, in the process of agricultural production in greenhouse, soil characteristics are affected, such as salinization, sustainable supply of nutrients, acidification and so on. At the same time, Carbon sequestration of agricultural soils in greenhouse has attracted much attention with the global climate change. This study investigated the changes of soil physical, chemical and biological properties in non-heated greenhouse agricultural systems. The change of soil organic carbon pool in greenhouse agriculture is studied, and the influence of greenhouse agriculture on soil characteristics is evaluated synthetically. In this study, the typical greenhouse in Shouguang, Shandong Province and Luoyang, Henan Province was selected, and the soil in the nearby field was used as control. Three layers of 0-20 ~ 40 ~ 40 ~ 60 cm soil were collected in each greenhouse sample site, and more than 500 soil samples were collected. The main results are as follows: (1) the organic carbon content of greenhouse agricultural soil increased significantly, and the increase was different with the change of soil layer. For 0-60 cm soil layer, the soil organic carbon content increased significantly. The organic carbon content of greenhouse soil in Shandong and Henan is 1.7 and 1.3 times higher than that in field soil, respectively. The increase of soil microbial community in 0-20 cm ~ 40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layer in Shandong Province was 101.6% and 25.710%, respectively, while in Henan it was 25.728% and 25.9.2% respectively) the community composition of soil microorganism was affected by greenhouse cultivation. The number of bacteria increased 20.97%, and with the increase of planting years, the number of bacteria increased, and the number of actinomycetes and fungi decreased in varying degrees. However, with the deepening of soil layer, the change of pH value decreased gradually, the electrical conductivity and the total salt content increased, and the EC value of soil had a certain correlation with the total salt content. The EC value of 0-20 cm soil layer was positively correlated with the total salt content, but with the increase of soil depth, the soil nutrient accumulation decreased gradually. (4) the soil nutrient accumulation in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm ~ 60 cm soil layer. The total nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer was higher than that in 20 ~ 40 cm ~ 60 cm soil layer. The total phosphorus content was 1.26 g / kg (Henan) and 1.89 g / kg (Shandong), and the total phosphorus content was 0.744 g / kg (Henan) and 0.769 g / kg (Shandong), respectively. Soil available nutrients were also increased to a certain extent, and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in three different soil layers were all accumulated to varying degrees, and the available phosphorus and available potassium contents reached medium and high levels, especially in the surface soil. Available potassium has been highly enriched.
【學位授予單位】：河南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S625.5;S159

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