本文關(guān)鍵詞： 庫布齊沙漠東段 土壤種子庫 相似性 演替　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文采用空間替代時(shí)間的方法,結(jié)合野外地上植被調(diào)查和土壤種子庫萌發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn),選擇處于不同沙丘類型作為研究對(duì)象,即固定沙丘,半固定沙丘,半流動(dòng)沙丘,流動(dòng)沙丘,研究了不同沙丘類型土壤種子庫的特征,闡述了土壤種子庫的物種組成和數(shù)量特征、空間分布格局,分析土壤種子庫與地上植被的關(guān)系,探討沙丘固定過程中種子庫的變化規(guī)律,以及土壤種子庫在沙丘植被恢復(fù)、治理中的作用,為庫布齊沙漠固沙植被建設(shè)和生態(tài)管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。(1)不同沙丘類型地上植被調(diào)查,共發(fā)現(xiàn)有11科27種植物,一年生植物分別占固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、半流動(dòng)沙丘和流動(dòng)沙丘地上植被物種數(shù)的58.82%、66.67%、57.90%、60.00%。隨著沙丘的固定,地上植被Margalef豐富度指數(shù)、Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)均逐漸增大,說明地上植被物種多樣性逐漸增大、物種分布逐漸均勻。(2)不同沙丘類型土壤種子庫共發(fā)現(xiàn)10科25種植物,一年生草本植物分別占固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、半流動(dòng)沙丘和流動(dòng)沙丘土壤種子庫全部物種數(shù)的78.57%、69.23%、52.94%、61.54%。隨著沙丘的固定,土壤種子庫的密度逐漸增加。一年生草本植物占固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、半流動(dòng)沙丘和流動(dòng)沙丘土壤種子庫密度的96.55%、98.30%、95.26%、97.15%。土壤種子庫Margalef豐富度指數(shù)、Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)隨著沙丘的固定逐漸增大,說明土壤種子庫物種多樣性增加,物種分布逐漸均勻。(3)隨著土壤剖面的加深,土壤種子庫的物種數(shù)和密度逐漸減少。土壤種子庫主要集中于0-5cm,分別占固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、半流動(dòng)沙丘和流動(dòng)沙丘全部種子庫的76.30%、90.21%、68.67%、80.10%。不同沙丘類型不同坡位土壤種子庫密度為:在固定沙丘和半固定沙丘,不同微地形土壤種子庫密度均為迎風(fēng)坡背風(fēng)坡坡頂,沙丘底部沙丘中部沙丘頂部;在流動(dòng)沙丘和半流動(dòng)沙丘,不同微地形土壤種子庫密度為背風(fēng)坡迎風(fēng)坡坡頂,在半流動(dòng)沙丘沙丘中部沙丘底部沙丘頂部,在流動(dòng)沙丘,沙丘底部沙丘中部沙丘頂部。(4)不同沙丘類型土壤種子庫與土壤理化性質(zhì)相關(guān)性的分析表明:土壤含水量、土壤容重與土壤種子庫密度顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、全氮、速效氮、土壤機(jī)械組成與土壤種子庫的大小無顯著相關(guān)性(P0.05)(5)不同沙丘類型相鄰演替階段地上植被間、土壤種子庫間均處于中等相似水平,物種替代率不高,而固定沙丘與半流動(dòng)沙丘、流動(dòng)沙丘處于中等不相似水平,說明從流動(dòng)沙丘(演替前期)到固定沙丘(演替后期)物種替代率較高。而固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、半流動(dòng)沙丘、流動(dòng)沙丘土壤種子庫與地上植被的相似性分別為0.6316、0.5556、0.6364、0.6471,整體處于中等相似水平。
[Abstract]:In this paper, with the method of spatial substitution time, combined with field vegetation investigation and soil seed bank germination experiment, we selected different types of sand dunes as research objects, that is, fixed dunes, semi-fixed dunes, semi-mobile dunes, mobile dunes. The characteristics of soil seed banks of different dune types were studied. The species composition and quantitative characteristics, spatial distribution pattern of soil seed banks, and the relationship between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation were analyzed. The changes of seed bank in the process of sand dune fixation and the role of soil seed bank in the restoration and management of sand dune vegetation were discussed, which provided scientific basis for the construction and ecological management of sand fixation vegetation in Kubuqi Desert. A total of 27 species belonging to 11 families were found. Annual plants accounted for 58.82and 66.67% of the species of aboveground vegetation in fixed dunes, semi-fixed dunes, semi-fixed dunes, semi-mobile dunes and mobile dunes, respectively. With the fixation of sand dunes, The Margalef richness index and Margalef diversity index of aboveground vegetation and the evenness index of Pielou increased gradually, indicating that the species diversity of aboveground vegetation gradually increased, and the species distribution gradually homogenized. 2) 10 families and 25 species of plants were found in soil seed bank of different dune types. Annual herbaceous plants occupy fixed sand dunes, semi-fixed sand dunes, semi-flowing sand dunes and mobile dune soil seed banks, respectively. The density of soil seed banks increases gradually with the fixation of sand dunes, and the annual herbaceous plants account for the fixed sand dunes. The density of soil seed bank in semi-fixed sand dunes, semi-mobile dunes and mobile dunes was 96.555.98.30 and 95.266.15.The Margalef richness index of soil seed bank and the Margalef diversity index of soil seed bank increased gradually with the fixation of sand dunes. The results showed that the species diversity of soil seed bank increased, and the species distribution gradually homogenized. 3) with the deepening of soil profile, the species number and density of soil seed bank decreased gradually. Soil seed bank mainly concentrated in 0-5 cm, accounting for fixed sand dunes and semi-fixed dunes, respectively. The density of soil seed bank in different types of sand dunes is 80.107.The density of soil seed banks in fixed dunes and semi-fixed dunes is that in fixed dunes and semi-fixed dunes, the density of soil seed banks in different microtopography is the top of leeward slope on upwind slope. At the bottom of the dune, at the top of the dune in the middle of the dune, at the top of the leeward slope at the top of the leeward slope, at the top of the dune at the bottom of the dune in the middle of the semi-mobile dune, and at the mobile dune at the mobile dune, The correlation between soil seed bank of different dune types and soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed. The results showed that soil moisture content, soil bulk density and soil seed bank density were significantly correlated with soil seed bank density, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available nitrogen. There was no significant correlation between soil mechanical composition and the size of soil seed bank (P 0.05). The soil seed bank was at a medium similar level and the rate of species substitution was not high, but fixed sand dunes and semi-mobile dunes were in the middle similarity level between the different types of sand dunes in the adjacent succession stage, and there was no significant correlation between the soil mechanical composition and the size of soil seed banks. The medium dissimilarity level of mobile dune indicates that the species substitution rate is higher from mobile dune (early succession) to fixed dune (late succession), while fixed dune, semi-fixed dune, semi-mobile dune, The similarity between soil seed bank of mobile sand dunes and aboveground vegetation was 0.63160.55560.63640.471. the whole soil was at a moderate similarity level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S154

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