本文關(guān)鍵詞： LUCC 水沙產(chǎn)輸變異 SWAT模型 鎮(zhèn)江關(guān)流域 回歸分析 景觀格局指標(biāo)　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,土地利用/覆被變化(LUCC)及其水文環(huán)境效應(yīng)越來越受到國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注與重視。土壤侵蝕作為土地利用變化引發(fā)的主要環(huán)境效應(yīng)之一,將直接影響到區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境變化、林場(chǎng)草場(chǎng)水土保持、水庫(kù)淤積等環(huán)境問題。作為土地利用變化的量化參數(shù),景觀格局指標(biāo)成為研究流域尺度下土壤侵蝕的有效途徑。探索流域水沙產(chǎn)輸變異規(guī)律及其與土地利用、景觀格局之間的聯(lián)系,對(duì)優(yōu)化水土保持、改善人地關(guān)系意義重大。岷江北部干流區(qū)域具有重要的生態(tài)地理位置,水土流失現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)成為影響當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境的重要問題。本文以岷江鎮(zhèn)江關(guān)流域?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,基于SWAT模型建立了研究區(qū)域分布式水沙模型,對(duì)土地利用變化下流域水沙產(chǎn)輸變異規(guī)律及其與景觀格局的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了定量研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容與結(jié)論如下：(1)研究了基于SWAT模型的流域分布式水沙模型構(gòu)建方法,對(duì)基于DEM的水系提取與流域劃分、水文氣象數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的構(gòu)建、土壤數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)建立、模擬方法選擇、模型參數(shù)敏感性設(shè)置與分析、模型結(jié)果輸出與分析驗(yàn)證等建模關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行了闡述,重點(diǎn)探討了SWAT模型應(yīng)用于鎮(zhèn)江關(guān)流域時(shí)所應(yīng)用的技術(shù)方法。(2)構(gòu)建了鎮(zhèn)江關(guān)流域分布式水沙模型,采用1980-2005年實(shí)測(cè)水沙資料對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了率定與驗(yàn)證,在1986、1995、2000年三期土地利用格局下,分別對(duì)流域地表徑流量與土壤侵蝕量進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明模型能較好地模擬鎮(zhèn)江關(guān)流域水沙過程。根據(jù)多年平均降雨量,采用該模型分別模擬了三期土地利用下各子流域的土壤侵蝕量,并根據(jù)匯流順序計(jì)算出各子流域的凈侵蝕量與侵蝕模數(shù)。(3)利用Fragstats軟件工具計(jì)算了三期土地利用格局下鎮(zhèn)江關(guān)各子流域的景觀指標(biāo),以子流域?yàn)闃颖?通過回歸分析方法,尋求景觀格局指標(biāo)變化量與土壤侵蝕變化量間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。確定了流域產(chǎn)沙相關(guān)度較大的指標(biāo),建立了不同土地利用格局下模擬的土壤侵蝕量變化與景觀指標(biāo)變化間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,最終得到鎮(zhèn)江關(guān)流域土壤侵蝕與景觀格局多元回歸方程。根據(jù)回歸方程的實(shí)際物理意義與相應(yīng)景觀指標(biāo)含義,可以為鎮(zhèn)江關(guān)流域水土保持、水生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善以及土地利用景觀最優(yōu)化管理等工作提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the land use / Cover Change (LUCC) and the hydrological and environmental effect more and more concern and attention of the academic circles at home and abroad. One of the major environmental effects of soil erosion as the land use change cause, will directly affect the regional ecological environment, water and soil conservation forest grassland, reservoir sedimentation and other environmental problems as a quantitative. The parameters of land use change, landscape pattern index has become an effective way to study on soil erosion in watershed scale. To explore the water sediment transport and variation of land use and landscape pattern optimization of the relationship between soil and water conservation, improve human relations is of great significance. The northern region has an important geographical location of ecology, soil and water loss the phenomenon has become an important issue affecting the local ecological environment. In this paper, Zhenjiang Minjiang River Basin as the research object, based on SWAT model is established in the region Distributed model of water and sediment, the change of basin water sediment transport and its relationship with the variation of land use landscape pattern were studied, the main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) research on the methods of constructing SWAT model in distributed hydrological model based on the division of water extraction and watershed based on DEM construction the hydrological and meteorological database, soil database, simulation methods, and set the parameter sensitivity analysis model, model verification and analysis result output modeling key links are described, focusing on the application of technology method SWAT model is applied to Zhenjiang off the river. (2) constructed the Zhenjiang watershed distributed hydrological model. By using the measured data of water and sediment for 1980-2005 years on the model was calibrated and validated in the 198619952000 years of the three land use pattern, respectively on watershed runoff and soil erosion. The verification results show that the model can simulate the closed basin water and sediment process in Zhenjiang. According to the average rainfall, three periods of land use under each sub watershed soil erosion was simulated using the model, and according to the order of convergence to calculate the net erosion and erosion modulus of each sub basin. (3) three land use pattern of Zhenjiang in each sub watershed landscape indexes were calculated by Fragstats software tools, with sub basin as samples, through regression analysis for correlation between landscape pattern index change and the soil erosion amount and quantity. To determine the index of sediment larger correlation, established in different land use related to erosion the relationship between the variation and changes of landscape index between the simulated soil pattern, finally obtained the Zhenjiang basin soil erosion and landscape pattern of multiple regression equation. According to the actual physical meaning of regression equation The meaning of righteousness and corresponding landscape indicators can provide theoretical references for soil and water conservation, improvement of water ecological environment and optimal management of land use and landscape in Zhenjiang watershed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S157;P901

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本文編號(hào)：1519773