本文關(guān)鍵詞： 土壤有效硅 硅肥 空間分布 玉米 石河子墾區(qū)　出處：《石河子大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：【目的】硅作為有益元素對促進(jìn)作物生長發(fā)育及增強(qiáng)抗逆性等方面有顯著效果,但在新疆石灰性土壤上研究較少。鋼渣、水淬渣含有豐富Si養(yǎng)分元素,是金屬冶煉產(chǎn)生的廢棄物,作為富含硅的一種物料,鋼渣、水淬渣經(jīng)一定的工藝加工使其變廢為寶制作農(nóng)業(yè)硅肥是實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄物循環(huán)利用的有效途徑,但由于鋼渣、水淬渣中同時(shí)含有少量重金屬元素,農(nóng)田施用會存在一定的生態(tài)環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本文查明石河子墾區(qū)土壤有效硅豐缺狀況及其空間分布,揭示影響土壤有效硅含量的關(guān)鍵因素,并對比研究了鋼渣和水淬渣硅肥對新疆石灰性土壤有效硅含量、玉米硅素營養(yǎng)、玉米產(chǎn)量、肥料利用效率及環(huán)境效益進(jìn)行評價(jià),旨在研究硅肥在石灰性土壤的肥效,為今后硅肥的合理施用提供參考依據(jù)�！痉椒ā勘狙芯客ㄟ^野外取樣實(shí)測和基于ArcGIS軟件的地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析空間插值(克里格)方法對石河子墾區(qū)18個(gè)農(nóng)牧團(tuán)場土壤有效硅(SiO2)含量及其空間分布狀況進(jìn)行調(diào)查分析,且在2013-2014年進(jìn)行了2年田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),對比研究了水淬渣硅肥和鋼渣硅肥對玉米生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量的影響,分析了施硅對玉米硅、磷營養(yǎng)吸收及硅肥利用率的效應(yīng),采用單因子污染指數(shù)法、內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法對土壤重金屬環(huán)境進(jìn)行評價(jià)�！局饕Y(jié)果】1)石河子墾區(qū)耕層0-20cm土壤有效硅處于較豐富水平,平均含量為313.3 mg·kg-1。受“高山-綠洲-沙漠”山盆結(jié)構(gòu)地形地貌影響,石河子墾區(qū)有效硅空間分布存在明顯不均衡性,整體呈現(xiàn)東南高而西北較低的特點(diǎn)。2)墾區(qū)土壤pH處于7.6-9.1之間,在此范圍內(nèi)有效硅含量隨pH增加而明顯降低。墾區(qū)土壤有效硅含量顯著受土壤粘粒含量影響,并隨土壤粘粒含量的增加而升高(r=0.291,P0.01)。土壤有效硅與土壤肥力因素中的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)和全磷呈極顯著正相關(guān),但與土壤全氮相關(guān)性不明顯。3)施硅可顯著提高土壤有效硅含量(P0.05),如在抽雄、乳熟及成熟期水淬渣硅肥處理的土壤有效硅含量分別比CK處理提高了36.9%、15.3%和9.7%。4)施硅處理均顯著提高了玉米葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量(P0.05)。水淬渣和鋼渣硅肥處理的玉米產(chǎn)量為17979 kg·hm-2和17134 kg·hm-2,分別比CK處理提高18.9%和13.3%。5)2年結(jié)果均顯示硅肥處理顯著提高了成熟期玉米植株的吸硅量與吸磷量(P0.05),水淬渣與鋼渣硅肥處理的年均吸硅量分別比CK增加14.6%和10.4%,其年均吸磷量分別比CK增加11.5%和8.7%。玉米吸硅量與吸磷量呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P0.01),硅肥處理可顯著改善玉米生育期內(nèi)磷素營養(yǎng),提高磷肥偏生產(chǎn)力;水淬渣硅肥和鋼渣硅肥年均硅肥利用率分別達(dá)38.9%和27.8%,且水淬渣硅肥利用率明顯高于鋼渣硅肥。6)各處理土壤As、Cd的單項(xiàng)污染指數(shù)均1,說明土壤已受As、Cd污染,但各個(gè)處理間沒有差異,從綜合污染指數(shù)來看,水淬渣鋼渣對照(2014年),但土壤整體尚清潔�！窘Y(jié)論】1)石河子墾區(qū)耕層0-20cm土壤有效硅處于較豐富水平,平均含量為313.3 mg·kg-1。土壤有效硅與土壤粘粒、有機(jī)質(zhì)及全磷含量成極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,土壤有效硅隨土壤pH值增加而明顯降低。2)水淬渣硅肥和鋼渣硅肥均可顯著提高玉米葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)量(P0.05),使玉米分別增產(chǎn)18.9%和13.3%;施硅可顯著促進(jìn)玉米對硅、磷的吸收,水淬渣硅肥和鋼渣硅肥2年的硅肥平均利用率分別達(dá)38.9%和27.8%,施入硅肥后,土壤尚清潔。
[Abstract]:[Objective] silicon as a beneficial element to promote crop growth and significantly enhance stress tolerance, but less research in Xinjiang on calcareous soil. Steel slag water quenching slag containing Si rich nutrient elements, is a metal smelting waste, as a kind of material, silicon rich slag, slag processing a process to realize agricultural production waste silicon fertilizer is the effective way of waste recycling, but because the steel slag water quenching slag also contains a small amount of heavy metals in farmland were, there will be some ecological risks. This paper find out the Shihezi reclamation area of soil available silicon abundance conditions and spatial distribution, the key to reveal the factors affecting the content of available silicon soil, and comparative study of the steel slag and the water quenching slag and silicon on silicon content of lime soil in Xinjiang corn, silicon nutrition, maize yield, fertilizer utilization efficiency and ring To evaluate the environmental benefits, to study on effect of silicon fertilizer in calcareous soil, and provide reference for reasonable application of fertilizer in the future. [method] this study through field sampling and experimental analysis based on ArcGIS software geostatistical spatial interpolation method (Craig) of Shihezi reclamation area of 18 farms of soil available silicon (SiO2) and its content the spatial distribution of investigation and analysis, and 2 years of field trials in 2013-2014 years, a comparative study of the effects of water quenching slag slag fertilizer and silicon fertilizer on growth and yield of maize, the analysis of silicon fertilizer on Maize silicon, effects of phosphorus absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer, using the single factor pollution index method, evaluation the heavy metal pollution of Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. [results] 1) mainly in Shihezi reclamation area soil 0-20cm soil available silicon in rich level, the average content was 313.3 mg Kg-1. by the "mountain oasis desert mountain basin structure, the effects of topography, the spatial distribution of available silicon in Shihezi reclamation area has obvious imbalance, the overall presentation of the southeast and northwest low.2) in soil pH is between 7.6-9.1, the effective silicon content in this range decreased with the increase of pH. The effective silicon content the soil reclamation area was significantly affected by soil clay content, and with the increase of soil clay content increased (r=0.291, P0.01). The soil available silicon and soil fertility factors of soil organic matter and total phosphorus were positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, but there was no obvious correlation.3) of silicon fertilizer can significantly increase soil available silicon content (P0.05), such as in tasseling, milk and mature silicon water quenching slag treatment soil available silicon content than CK increased by 36.9%, 15.3% and 9.7%.4) of silicon fertilizer treatment significantly increased the maize leaf area index, dry matter The amount and yield (P0.05). The water quenching slag and slag fertilizer processing maize yield was 17979 kg hm-2 and 17134 kg hm-2 respectively than CK increased 18.9% and 13.3%.5) for 2 years showed that the silicon fertilizer significantly increased the uptake of corn plant mature silicon and phosphorus uptake (P0.05) water. Slag and average Si uptake by slag fertilizer treatment was higher than CK by 14.6% and 10.4%, the average annual amount of P uptake were higher than that of CK 11.5% and 8.7%. Si uptake by maize were positively correlated with P uptake (P0.01), silicon fertilizer treatment can significantly improve the maize growth period of phosphorus nutrition, increase P partial productivity; water quenching slag and silicon slag fertilizer annual fertilizer utilization rate of 38.9% and 27.8% respectively, and the water quenching slag fertilizer utilization rate was significantly higher than that of slag fertilizer.6) the soil As, the single pollution index of Cd were 1, indicating that the soil has been affected by the As, Cd pollution, but there is no difference among different treatments, from The pollution index, the water quenching slag slag control (2014), but the soil is clean. [Conclusion] 1) in Shihezi soil 0-20cm soil available silicon in rich level, the average content is 313.3 Mg - kg-1. of available silicon in soil with soil clay, organic matter and total phosphorus content was positively correlated, effective silicon in soil increased with increasing soil pH and.2) significantly reduced the water quenching slag and silicon slag fertilizer could significantly increase leaf area index, dry matter (P0.05), the maize yield by 18.9% and 13.3% respectively; silicon fertilizer could significantly improve maize on silicon, phosphorus, silicon and silicon slag slag fertilizer 2 the average utilization rate of 38.9% and 27.8% respectively, applying fertilizer, soil is clean.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158

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本文編號：1511145