本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè) 通信協(xié)議 數(shù)據(jù)壓縮 采樣調(diào)度　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì),其有效實(shí)施對(duì)提高我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化水平具有重大意義。作為精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)施基礎(chǔ)性環(huán)節(jié)田間信息獲取主要實(shí)現(xiàn)方式的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究和解決對(duì)于精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)的推廣應(yīng)用具有重要意義。本文從系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)模型、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議、網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)融合處理方法和采樣調(diào)度機(jī)制四個(gè)方面對(duì)精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)能實(shí)現(xiàn)方法進(jìn)行了研究,并闡述了面向溫室集群監(jiān)測(cè)和航空施藥?kù)F滴沉積監(jiān)測(cè)兩個(gè)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的具體設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)方案。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括： (1)從應(yīng)用環(huán)境、樣點(diǎn)部署、數(shù)據(jù)需求、傳感器及監(jiān)測(cè)方式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)容錯(cuò)性及實(shí)時(shí)性需求等角度分析了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特殊性,確定了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用需求,定義了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型。針對(duì)大田和溫室集群兩種典型無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,從系統(tǒng)服務(wù)架構(gòu)、系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)架構(gòu)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)角度具體闡述了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)的節(jié)能型設(shè)計(jì),重點(diǎn)描述了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分層、異構(gòu)架構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。 (2)研究分析了分層、異構(gòu)精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議的節(jié)能方法。對(duì)MAC協(xié)議的能量消耗來源進(jìn)行了分析,設(shè)計(jì)了一種能夠負(fù)載流量自適應(yīng)的節(jié)能AS-MAC協(xié)議；針對(duì)精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)分布范圍較大難于實(shí)現(xiàn)傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)到匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)的直接通信、網(wǎng)絡(luò)異構(gòu)造成的節(jié)點(diǎn)剩余能量差異較大等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種支持簇內(nèi)多跳、具有節(jié)點(diǎn)剩余能量意識(shí)的EA-LEACH協(xié)議。綜合AS-MAC、EA-LEACH及Zigbee分析了異構(gòu)、分層精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)能通信協(xié)議A-Stack的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,并利用實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了該協(xié)議體系的能耗指標(biāo)和節(jié)能效果。 (3)針對(duì)被監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)特征,從減少網(wǎng)內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸量的角度,研究了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)能實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。針對(duì)被監(jiān)測(cè)參數(shù)具有較強(qiáng)的內(nèi)在相關(guān)性和變化周期性的特點(diǎn),研究提出了基于分段線性回歸的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)壓縮傳輸方法,利用田間樣本數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)算法的有效性進(jìn)行了評(píng)估,結(jié)果表明：對(duì)于空氣相對(duì)濕度和土壤溫度,整體數(shù)據(jù)壓縮率可達(dá)51.9%。針對(duì)一定區(qū)域范圍和時(shí)間段內(nèi),同一參數(shù)、不同傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)的感知數(shù)據(jù)具有相似性的特點(diǎn),研究提出了基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)四叉樹編碼的數(shù)據(jù)聚合方法,利用田間樣本數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明：算法對(duì)環(huán)境溫度、空氣相對(duì)濕度、土壤溫度、土壤濕度的數(shù)據(jù)無損聚合率分別達(dá)11.7%、19.5%、12.64%和33.34%。 (4)針對(duì)精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)采樣需求,研究分析了變周期采樣調(diào)度的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,從減少無效采樣次數(shù)角度研究了精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)能實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。通過建立傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)采樣、數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算、無線通信等環(huán)節(jié)的能耗計(jì)算模型,分析了采樣功耗的控制方法。設(shè)計(jì)了基于自回歸模型和虛擬簇劃分的采樣調(diào)度機(jī)制,并利用田間樣本數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)兩種機(jī)制的節(jié)能效果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證評(píng)估。結(jié)果表明,在滿足一定誤差精度時(shí),溫度參數(shù)的采樣次數(shù)減少30%,土壤濕度參數(shù)的采樣次數(shù)減少80%,能耗較連續(xù)采樣減少79.8%。 (5)具體闡述了溫室集群監(jiān)測(cè)和航空施藥沉積監(jiān)測(cè)兩個(gè)典型精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)組成、傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)和應(yīng)用效果。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the basic industry of national economy . Precision agriculture is the inevitable trend of modern agricultural development . Its effective implementation is of great significance to improve the modernization level of agricultural modernization . ( 1 ) The particularity of precision agriculture wireless sensor network is analyzed from the perspectives of application environment , sample point deployment , data demand , sensor and monitoring mode , network structure , network fault tolerance and real - time requirement . ( 2 ) The energy saving method of layered and heterogeneous precision agriculture wireless sensor network communication protocol is analyzed . The energy consumption source of MAC protocol is analyzed , and a kind of energy saving AS - MAC protocol capable of self - adaptation of load flow is designed . A kind of EA - LEACH protocol is designed which can support multi - hop in cluster and the residual energy of nodes caused by network heterogeneity . The realization mode of energy saving communication protocol A - Stack in heterogeneous and layered precision agriculture wireless sensor network is analyzed by using AS - MAC , EA - LEACH and Zigbee . The energy consumption index and energy saving effect of the protocol system are analyzed by experiments . ( 3 ) In view of the characteristics of monitored data , the energy - saving implementation method of precision agriculture wireless sensor network is studied from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of data transmission in the network . The data compression transmission method based on piecewise linear regression is presented . The data aggregation method based on the network node quadtree coding is proposed . The results show that the data non - destructive polymerization rate is 11.7 % , 19.5 % , 12.64 % and 33.34 % for the data of the environment temperature , air relative humidity , soil temperature and soil moisture . ( 4 ) Aiming at the requirement of precision agriculture sampling , the realization mode of variable period sampling scheduling is analyzed . The energy saving realization method of precision agriculture wireless sensor network is studied from the viewpoint of reducing the number of invalid samples . The sampling scheduling mechanism based on self - regression model and virtual cluster division is analyzed . The results show that the sampling frequency of the temperature parameter is reduced by 30 % and the sampling frequency of soil humidity parameter is reduced by 80 % and the energy consumption is reduced by 79.8 % . ( 5 ) The system structure composition , sensor node design and application effect of two typical precision agricultural sensor network applications are described in detail .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S127;TN929.5;TP212.9

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