發(fā)布時間：2018-02-12 13:21

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 園林綠化廢棄物 生活污泥 好氧堆肥 屋頂綠化基質(zhì)　出處：《杭州師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植被在城市中能吸收一些空氣中的細小顆粒、能改善城市熱島效應(yīng)。但現(xiàn)在很多城市已經(jīng)高樓林立,很難再騰出大片空地來進行植樹造林。所以在建筑物頂部栽培一些植被成為一個既綠化城市又不占用寶貴土地資源的一個最佳方案——屋頂綠化。然而屋頂綠化的核心之一是栽培基質(zhì),國內(nèi)屋頂栽培基質(zhì)存在種類偏少、成本高、肥效差、產(chǎn)品性狀不穩(wěn)定、基質(zhì)大多為不可再生資源等缺點。根據(jù)上述缺點,本研究先篩選廢棄工農(nóng)業(yè)有機物,并實地調(diào)查了杭州錦繡風景區(qū)附近的堆肥廠,污泥來自杭州組團污水處理廠,蕭山養(yǎng)豬廠,確定適宜的有機廢棄物。通過調(diào)試高溫好氧堆肥參數(shù),使有機物經(jīng)過堆肥的升溫、高溫、腐熟階段制作出穩(wěn)定的堆肥產(chǎn)品,再將堆肥產(chǎn)品與珍珠巖、煤渣、草木灰等按不同比例混合制作出植物生長的屋頂綠化栽培基質(zhì),利用spss軟件進行方差分析,確定最優(yōu)的基質(zhì)配方。主要研究成果如下:(1)由于不同體積的堆體以及材料不同,都會造成堆肥的控制參數(shù)范圍不完全相同,本實驗中堆體體積約100L,將有機廢棄物C/N比調(diào)為25左右,水分60%左右,風量200~300L/h,風量時間控制為通氣10分鐘停50分鐘,顆粒大小控制在直徑一厘米左右,經(jīng)過40天左右,使堆體達到腐熟要求。(2)利用園林廢棄物、茶葉渣、豬糞按重量比4:3:6混合,經(jīng)過28天堆置,將堆肥產(chǎn)物和草炭、園土在屋頂進行兩周的育苗實驗,結(jié)果顯示堆肥產(chǎn)品作為育苗栽培基質(zhì)略優(yōu)于草炭。(3)利用園林廢棄物、生活污泥按重量比6:5混合,經(jīng)過41天堆制,將堆肥和珍珠巖、煤渣、草木灰按不同比例混合作為弗甲草的栽培基質(zhì),再和草炭、園土進行栽培效果比較。結(jié)果是堆肥:珍珠巖=5:1(體積比)的基質(zhì),弗甲草的葉長。葉寬、分支長,干重明顯優(yōu)于其他基質(zhì)。屋頂綠化形成產(chǎn)業(yè)化,成本控制是重要條件之一,本實驗使用廢棄有機物制作屋頂綠化栽培基質(zhì)有兩大意義:一,使用廉價的有機廢棄物可以制作出成本低廉、性狀穩(wěn)定的栽培基質(zhì)。二,處理了有機廢棄物,減少了不可再生資源的使用,保護生態(tài)環(huán)境。其經(jīng)濟意義和社會效益將不可忽視。
[Abstract]:At present, scientific research has found that vegetation can absorb some fine particles in the air in cities, which can improve the urban heat island effect. But now many cities are already full of tall buildings. It is difficult to make a lot of open space for afforestation. So planting some vegetation on the top of the building is the best way to greener the city without taking up valuable land resources-roof greening. One of the core is the culture substrate, There are some disadvantages in domestic roof culture media, such as few kinds, high cost, poor fertilizer efficiency, unstable product characters, and most of the substrates are non-renewable resources, etc. According to the above shortcomings, this study first screened the waste industrial and agricultural organic matter. The composting plant near Jinxiu Scenic spot in Hangzhou was investigated on the spot. The sludge came from the sewage treatment plant in Hangzhou, Xiaoshan Pig Plant, and the suitable organic waste was determined. By adjusting the composting parameters of high temperature aerobic composting, the organic matter was heated up by composting. A stable composting product was made at high temperature and mature stage, and then mixed with perlite, cinder, grass ash and so on to produce the roof greening cultivation substrate of plant growth according to different proportion. The variance analysis was carried out by using spss software. Determine the optimal matrix formula. The main research results are as follows: (1) because of different volumes of the heap and different materials, the control parameters of compost are not exactly the same. In this experiment, the volume of the reactor is about 100L, the C / N ratio of organic waste is about 25, the water content is about 60%, the air volume is 200 ~ 300L / h, the air flow time is controlled by 10 minutes and the air flow is stopped for 50 minutes, and the particle size is controlled at about one centimeter in diameter for about 40 days. Using garden waste, tea dregs and pig dung at the weight ratio of 4: 3: 6, after 28 days of piling, compost products and peat, garden soil were used for two weeks of seedling raising experiments on the roof. The results showed that compost product was slightly better than peat. 3) using garden waste, the living sludge was mixed at 6: 5 by weight. After 41 days of composting, compost, perlite and cinder were prepared. The plant ash is mixed in different proportion as the cultivation substrate of Euphorbia vulgaris, and then compared with peat and orchard soil. The result is compost: the substrate of perlite 5: 1 (volume ratio), the leaf length, leaf width, branch length, The dry weight is obviously superior to other substrates. The industrialization of roof greening, cost control is one of the important conditions. The cheap organic waste can be used to produce a low cost and stable cultivation substrate. Secondly, the organic waste is treated, the use of non-renewable resources is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected. The economic and social benefits can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4;S731

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本文編號：1505729