本文關(guān)鍵詞： 耕地質(zhì)量 綜合評價 水土資源 GIS　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：耕地——土地資源中最為精華的部分,能夠促進社會和經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,通過合理的利用耕地資源并且對其進行有效的保護能夠解決糧食安全問題。隨著國民經(jīng)濟高速增長,人們對糧食數(shù)量的需求以及糧食品質(zhì)要求日益加倍的同時糧食的安全問題不是很樂觀。糧食的數(shù)量與品質(zhì)直接受到土地質(zhì)量好壞的影響,因此,極其艱巨的任務(wù)就是保障各個地區(qū)耕地數(shù)量的同時保證其耕地產(chǎn)量。近年來隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,人們在對土地資源進行開發(fā)利用的過程中黑龍江省肇源縣出現(xiàn)了氣候干旱化、水土流失、土壤沙化、土壤鹽堿化、濕地面積減少、湖泊萎縮等一系列水、土資源質(zhì)量問題,嚴重影響農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,同時對糧食安全也產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。為滿足人口對糧食的客觀需求、豐富研究區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量評價以實現(xiàn)空間上因地制宜的合理安排農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、以及入選基本農(nóng)田劃定和政府制定土地規(guī)劃、土地管理提供決策依據(jù)有著現(xiàn)實意義。本次研究對耕地質(zhì)量評價的國內(nèi)外研究動態(tài)進行了綜述的同時,對取得的研究成果以及不足之處進行歸納總結(jié)。本文選取黑龍江省肇源縣為研究區(qū),對評價區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)資料進行廣泛收集,從耕地的自然質(zhì)量、區(qū)位條件、空間形態(tài)和水資源空間分布構(gòu)建耕地質(zhì)量評價指標體系。采用層次分析法確定指標權(quán)重。本次研究土壤數(shù)據(jù)運用GPS對實地樣點進行空間定位按照每2 km2一個點的密度標準格網(wǎng)進行均勻布點,獲得表層土壤樣本共1030個,按照生態(tài)地球化學(xué)評價樣品分析的要求進行化驗分析,通過Spss軟件對土壤樣本采用主成分分析,獲得綜合土壤肥力;土地利用覆被數(shù)據(jù)基于ENVI遙感影像處理軟件和ARCGIS地理信息系統(tǒng)軟件為平臺,對Spot5遙感影像進行幾何校正與配準、增強處理,并依據(jù)二調(diào)標準確定肇源縣土地利用覆被類型,通過實地調(diào)查進行人工目視解譯,獲得肇源縣土地利用覆被數(shù)據(jù)(耕地圖斑30501塊);利用肇源縣地表水資源分布圖,對其進行圖件掃描、矢量化等,獲得肇源縣水資源分布格局:強富水區(qū)、中等富水區(qū)、弱富水區(qū)、貧富水區(qū)。利用Arc GIS軟件中的空間疊加功能進行疊加分析,獲得水土資源質(zhì)量綜合評價。采用自然斷點法將綜合評價結(jié)果劃分為五級:一級耕地面積為占耕地總面積的48.79%,分布集中且占有量最多;二級耕地面積占耕地總面積的10.80%,分布零散且占有量不多;三級耕地面積占耕地總面積的20.99%,三極耕地占有量較多且相對集中分布與全縣中部;四級耕地面積占耕地總面積的5.52%,四級耕地占有量為全縣最少且分布零散;五級耕地面積占耕地總面積的13.90%,集中分布于肇源縣西部。肇源縣耕地綜合質(zhì)量整體較好,肇源縣綜合質(zhì)量評價分值從東到西逐步升高,即西部較高,東部較差。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land-the most essential part of land resources, can promote the sustainable development of society and economy, and can solve the problem of food security through the rational utilization and effective protection of cultivated land resources. The increasing demand for food quantity and the increasing demand for food quality are not very optimistic about food security. The quantity and quality of food are directly affected by the quality of land. The most difficult task is to ensure the amount of cultivated land in all regions and to ensure the yield of cultivated land. With the development of economy, people have developed and utilized land resources in Zhaoyuan County, Heilongjiang Province, in recent years, there has been a climate drought in Zhaoyuan County, Heilongjiang Province. A series of water and soil resources quality problems, such as soil erosion, soil desertification, soil salinization, reduced wetland area and shrinking lakes, have seriously affected the development of agriculture. In order to meet the objective demand of the population for food, to enrich the evaluation of cultivated land quality in the research area to realize the reasonable arrangement of agricultural production according to the local conditions in space, It is of practical significance to select the basic farmland delineation and the government to make the land planning and land management to provide the decision basis. This study summarizes the domestic and foreign research trends of farmland quality evaluation at the same time. This paper selects Zhaoyuan County of Heilongjiang Province as the research area, collects the data of the evaluation region widely, from the natural quality of cultivated land, location conditions, The evaluation index system of cultivated land quality is constructed by spatial form and spatial distribution of water resources. The index weight is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The soil data of this study use GPS to locate the spot space according to every 2 km2. Density standard grid for uniform distribution of points, A total of 1 030 surface soil samples were obtained and analyzed according to the requirements of ecological geochemical evaluation samples. The soil fertility was obtained by principal component analysis of soil samples by Spss software. Based on ENVI remote sensing image processing software and ARCGIS GIS software, land use cover data is used for geometric correction and registration of Spot5 remote sensing image, enhancement processing, and land use cover type in Zhaoyuan County is determined according to two adjustment standards. The land use and cover data of Zhaoyuan County are obtained by artificial visual interpretation through field investigation. (30501 plots of cultivated land, map of surface water resources distribution in Zhaoyuan County, map scanning, vectorization, etc.). The distribution pattern of water resources in Zhaoyuan County is obtained: strong water rich area, middle rich water area, weak rich water area and rich water area. The superposition function of Arc GIS software is used for superposition analysis. The comprehensive evaluation of soil and water resources quality was obtained. The comprehensive evaluation results were divided into five levels by using the natural breakpoint method: the first grade cultivated land area was 48.79% of the total cultivated land area, the distribution was concentrated and the possession was the most; The second grade cultivated land area accounts for 10.80% of the total cultivated land area, the distribution is scattered and the amount of possession is small, the third grade cultivated land area accounts for 20.99% of the total cultivated land area, and the three-pole cultivated land has more and relatively concentrated distribution with the central part of the county. The area of cultivated land at four levels accounts for 5.52% of the total cultivated land area, and the amount of cultivated land in grade four is the least and scattered in the whole county, while the area of cultivated land of grade five occupies 13.90% of the total cultivated land area, which is concentrated in the western part of Zhaoyuan County. The comprehensive quality of cultivated land in Zhaoyuan County is good as a whole. The score of comprehensive quality evaluation in Zhaoyuan County increased gradually from east to west, that is, higher in the west and worse in the east.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.211

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