本文關(guān)鍵詞： 休耕制度 區(qū)域模式 時(shí)空配置 休耕地管護(hù) 監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估　出處：《中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境》2017年12期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：休耕是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家普遍采取的保護(hù)耕地、修復(fù)生態(tài)、調(diào)整種植結(jié)構(gòu)的有效措施。由于我國(guó)對(duì)耕地資源的長(zhǎng)期過度利用,導(dǎo)致部分耕地地力嚴(yán)重下降、土壤污染加劇、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化等問題,威脅著我國(guó)耕地的可持續(xù)利用和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。利用國(guó)內(nèi)外糧食市場(chǎng)供給寬裕的有利時(shí)機(jī),在部分地區(qū)實(shí)行休耕,有利于耕地休養(yǎng)生息,增強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展后勁。本文通過文獻(xiàn)分析法、邏輯推理法、訪談?wù){(diào)研法等研究方法,探索我國(guó)耕地休耕制度的基本框架,為完善我國(guó)休耕制度提供思路,為保障休耕制度的順利實(shí)施奠定基礎(chǔ)。研究認(rèn)為,休耕是對(duì)我國(guó)粗放的土地利用方式和傳統(tǒng)的耕作制度的重大變革,將促進(jìn)我國(guó)耕地從掠奪型利用向保護(hù)型利用轉(zhuǎn)變,具有很強(qiáng)的必要性和重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,應(yīng)成為我國(guó)土地保護(hù)政策和農(nóng)業(yè)政策的重要組成部分。然而,當(dāng)前我國(guó)探索實(shí)行的組織化、制度化、規(guī)范化的休耕制度既沒有成熟的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)可循,也不能簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)制發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的做法,需要進(jìn)行多方面的創(chuàng)新。本文首先科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)實(shí)行休耕制度的外部環(huán)境:一是特定的背景條件,二是適應(yīng)農(nóng)地基本制度、農(nóng)地利用基本特征的要求。進(jìn)而構(gòu)建我國(guó)休耕制度基本框架的主要內(nèi)容:(1)區(qū)域差異化的休耕模式設(shè)計(jì);(2)休耕地的診斷與識(shí)別;(3)休耕規(guī)模的確定;(4)休耕地的時(shí)空優(yōu)化配置;(5)休耕補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及補(bǔ)助方式;(6)休耕行為主體的響應(yīng)及協(xié)調(diào);(7)休耕地的管理和保護(hù);(8)休耕的監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)估。休耕制度在我國(guó)是一項(xiàng)完全新型的制度安排,涉及到農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的調(diào)整,須立足國(guó)情,加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì),審慎推進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:Fallow farming is an effective measure adopted by developed countries to protect cultivated land, restore ecology and adjust planting structure. As a result of long-term overuse of cultivated land resources in China, the soil fertility of some cultivated land has been seriously reduced, and soil pollution has intensified. The deterioration of the ecological environment threatens the sustainable utilization of cultivated land and the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Through the methods of literature analysis, logical reasoning, interview and investigation, this paper explores the basic framework of cultivated land fallow system in China, and provides some ideas for perfecting the fallow farming system in China. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of fallow system, the study holds that fallow tillage is a major change in extensive land use and traditional farming system in China, and will promote the transformation of cultivated land from plundering to conservation. Having strong necessity and important practical significance, it should become an important part of land protection policy and agricultural policy in our country. A standardized fallow system has no mature historical experience to follow, nor can it simply replicate the practices of developed countries. This paper first scientifically understands the external environment of the fallow farming system in China: first, the specific background conditions, the second is to adapt to the basic system of agricultural land, Requirements for the basic characteristics of farmland use. Then the main content of the basic framework of fallow system in China is to construct the main content of the basic framework of fallow system in China. The design of fallow mode of regional differentiation is 2) diagnosis and identification of cultivated land and determination of the scale of fallow 4) spatiotemporal superiority of cultivated land. (6) response and coordination of fallow actors (7) Management and protection of fallow land and monitoring and evaluation of fallow. Fallow system is a completely new type of institutional arrangement in China. The adjustment of agricultural productive forces and relations of production should be based on the national conditions, strengthen the top-level design, and advance prudently.
【作者單位】： 西南大學(xué)地理科學(xué)學(xué)院;西南大學(xué)綠色低碳發(fā)展研究所;南寧市社會(huì)科學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目“實(shí)行耕地輪作休耕制度研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):15ZDC032)
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211;S344

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