本文關(guān)鍵詞： 有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè) 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 生態(tài)環(huán)境效益 對(duì)策分析　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：截至2013年底,我國共獲認(rèn)證的有機(jī)生產(chǎn)面積272.2萬公頃,我國有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)已呈現(xiàn)全面、有序的發(fā)展景象。有研究表明有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境有顯著的促進(jìn)作用,目前我國對(duì)有機(jī)食品的需求迅速增大,黑龍江省的有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)種植面積和總量在全國排在前列,但在國有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展對(duì)環(huán)境效益和發(fā)展演變研究方面欠缺。因此,本文發(fā)展有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)較好的黑龍江省為例,重點(diǎn)對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和生態(tài)環(huán)境效益進(jìn)行定量化評(píng)估。黑龍江省2006到2014年有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有機(jī)認(rèn)證證書情況,從中國國家認(rèn)證認(rèn)可監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)官方網(wǎng)站獲取,分析黑龍江省有機(jī)種植現(xiàn)狀,結(jié)果顯示:黑龍江從事有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的有機(jī)種植企業(yè)和有機(jī)加工企業(yè)比例較大,分別為64.7%和21.1%,而有機(jī)畜禽類企業(yè)比例較小,僅占1.35%,說明黑龍江省有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的建設(shè)發(fā)展沒有建立在種養(yǎng)循環(huán)基礎(chǔ)上,種養(yǎng)脫節(jié)限制了有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的健康發(fā)展。同時(shí)從事有機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)的企業(yè)存在快進(jìn)快出的現(xiàn)象,不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、技術(shù)不到位或資金無法支持的企業(yè)被迫或自動(dòng)退出,分類波動(dòng)很大。綜上總結(jié)歸納有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中缺乏整體謀劃和政府支持、監(jiān)管,技術(shù)水平過低,生產(chǎn)基地產(chǎn)品少、規(guī)模小,從事有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)脫離種養(yǎng)循環(huán)模式以及對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)污染狀況監(jiān)測不清等問題。對(duì)大豆、水稻、玉米等主要大宗農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有機(jī)種植基地以及鄰近相似條件的常規(guī)種植基地常規(guī)和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)種植的成本情況進(jìn)行定點(diǎn)普查、面上調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益進(jìn)行定量化評(píng)估。結(jié)果顯示:在經(jīng)濟(jì)效益方面,有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)較常規(guī)農(nóng)業(yè)的成本主要增加了病蟲害防治、有機(jī)肥料等的物質(zhì)成本,還有明顯增加的勞動(dòng)成本以及認(rèn)證成本。但采用合適的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、降低成本、提高產(chǎn)量是有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)種植獲得更高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的空間很大。在生態(tài)環(huán)境效益方面,對(duì)大豆、玉米等有機(jī)種植基地以及鄰近相似條件的常規(guī)種植基地進(jìn)行定點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)和面上調(diào)查結(jié)果,采用專家打分法和投影尋蹤的方法定量評(píng)估有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境效益。其中,專家打分法運(yùn)用層次分析法根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)方面的多位專家對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境效益評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系打分的結(jié)果,確定評(píng)價(jià)體系中各層次及各個(gè)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境效益定量化的模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)。其次,投影尋蹤法以面上調(diào)查與田間試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),分別得出不同種植方式以及不同作物品種在生物多樣性、面源污染、土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量以及生態(tài)環(huán)境效益四個(gè)方面的綜合投影值,結(jié)果顯示在面源污染方面有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)表現(xiàn)顯著劣于常規(guī)農(nóng)業(yè),但在生物多樣性、土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量以及生態(tài)環(huán)境效益的綜合表現(xiàn)上顯著優(yōu)于常規(guī)農(nóng)業(yè)。初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了定量化評(píng)估有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境效益,為說明有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)與常規(guī)農(nóng)業(yè)相比更能實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)與環(huán)境可持續(xù)平衡發(fā)展提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:As of end of 2013, the certified organic production area in China was two million seven hundred and twenty-two thousand hectares. Organic agriculture in China has presented a comprehensive and orderly development scene. Some studies have shown that organic agriculture has a significant role in promoting the ecological environment. At present, the demand for organic food in our country is increasing rapidly, and the planting area and total amount of organic agriculture in Heilongjiang Province are in the forefront of the whole country, but the research on the environmental benefit and development evolution of organic agriculture development in China is deficient. This paper focuses on the quantitative evaluation of the economic benefits and ecological environmental benefits of organic agriculture in Heilongjiang Province, which is a good example of organic agriculture. From 2006 to 2014, the organic certification certificate of organic agricultural production enterprises in Heilongjiang Province is introduced. Obtained from the official website of the State Certification and Accreditation Regulatory Commission of China, the present situation of organic cultivation in Heilongjiang Province is analyzed. The results show that the proportion of organic planting enterprises and organic processing enterprises in Heilongjiang is relatively large. The proportion of organic livestock and poultry enterprises was small (1.35%), which indicated that the construction and development of organic agriculture in Heilongjiang Province was not based on breeding cycle. At the same time, enterprises engaged in organic industries have fast entry and exit phenomena, which do not meet the standards, do not have the technology in place or cannot be supported by funds, and are forced or automatically withdrawn. The overall summary summarizes the lack of overall planning and government support in the development of organic agriculture, supervision, low technological level, small production base products, and small scale. Those engaged in organic agricultural enterprises are engaged in problems such as getting rid of the growing and raising cycle model and not clearly monitoring the pollution status of organic agriculture. For soybeans and rice, The cost of organic planting bases for major agricultural products, such as maize, and conventional and organic farming bases adjacent to similar conditions were surveyed on the basis of field surveys. The quantitative evaluation of the economic benefit of organic agriculture shows that the cost of organic agriculture increases the cost of diseases and insect pests, organic fertilizer and so on, in the aspect of economic benefit, the cost of organic agriculture is higher than that of conventional agriculture. There is also a significant increase in labor costs and certification costs. But there is a lot of room for organic farming to achieve higher economic benefits by adopting appropriate production technologies, reducing costs and increasing yields. The organic planting bases, such as maize, and conventional planting bases with similar conditions were tested and investigated on the surface. The ecological and environmental benefits of organic agriculture were evaluated quantitatively by means of expert scoring method and projection pursuit method. The expert scoring method uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight of each level and each index in the evaluation system according to the results of the evaluation index system of the ecological environmental benefit of organic agriculture by many experts in the agricultural ecology. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the ecological and environmental benefits of organic agriculture was realized. Secondly, the projection pursuit method was based on the surface investigation and field experiment data to obtain different planting patterns and biodiversity of different crop varieties. The integrated projection values of non-point source pollution, soil environmental quality and ecological environmental benefit show that organic agriculture is worse than conventional agriculture in non-point source pollution, but in biodiversity. The comprehensive performance of soil environmental quality and ecological environmental benefit is significantly better than that of conventional agriculture. It provides a basis for the sustainable development of agriculture and environment in comparison with conventional agriculture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F326.1;S181

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 付強(qiáng),付紅,王立坤;基于加速遺傳算法的投影尋蹤模型在水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用研究[J];地理科學(xué);2003年02期

2 張志強(qiáng),孫成權(quán),程國棟,牛文元;可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究:進(jìn)展與趨向[J];地球科學(xué)進(jìn)展;1999年06期

3 李祚泳,鄧新民;PPAR(K)技術(shù)在NO_x濃度預(yù)測中的應(yīng)用[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;1997年06期

4 賈金榮;德國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展概況與政策[J];華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年01期

5 鄭海霞;封志明;張陸彪;劉寶勤;;甘肅省縣域農(nóng)業(yè)資源利用效率綜合評(píng)價(jià)——基于遺傳投影尋蹤方法[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)地理;2006年04期

6 席運(yùn)官;有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)與中國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的比較[J];農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境;1997年01期

7 喻良,伊武軍;層次分析法在城市生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用[J];四川環(huán)境;2002年04期

8 楊銘;國外生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢對(duì)我國西部農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的啟示[J];世界地理研究;2003年04期

9 陳杰,胡秉民;德清縣生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)綜合評(píng)價(jià)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2003年08期

10 李作泳;用投影尋蹤回歸進(jìn)行大氣顆粒物的污染源解析[J];中國環(huán)境科學(xué);1999年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 宗義湘;加入WTO前后中國農(nóng)業(yè)支持水平評(píng)估及政策效果研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2006年

2 袁萬杰;基于GIS的省域路用地材資源綜合利用技術(shù)研究[D];長安大學(xué);2011年

3 王哲;基于農(nóng)業(yè)支持視角的中國農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境政策研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2013年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫呈達(dá);齊齊哈爾市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散模式研究[D];齊齊哈爾大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號(hào)：1494396