本文關(guān)鍵詞： 灌溉 秸稈 脫鹽 中度鹽堿地 土壤微生物區(qū)系　出處：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報》2017年18期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：為探討春灌結(jié)合秸稈隔層對土壤水鹽分布及微生物區(qū)系的影響,該文采用田間微區(qū)試驗方法,以當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)春灌水平(2 250 m~3/hm~2)為對照(CK),設(shè)置秸稈隔層深埋條件下常規(guī)春灌灌水量的100%、90%、80%、70%(W100、W90、W80、W70)4個梯度共5個處理,研究河套灌區(qū)不同春灌灌水量下秸稈隔層對中度鹽堿地水鹽分布、微生物區(qū)系及食葵產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:秸稈隔層處理20~40 cm土層含水率隨春灌量的增加而增加,W100處理春灌后根系分布層(0~40 cm)含水率較CK、W90、W80、W70顯著提高6.5%、3.6%、5.8%、8.9%(P0.05);W100和W90處理春灌后均具有較好的脫鹽效果,鹽分淋洗深度達(dá)50~60 cm,其0~40 cm鹽分較CK顯著降低18.9%和13.9%(P0.05),春灌前后土壤脫鹽率也分別較CK提高34.9%、30.1%(P0.05),但W100與W90處理間春灌后土壤鹽分、脫鹽率均無顯著差異,W80處理與CK之間也沒有達(dá)到顯著差異水平(P0.05)。收獲后,CK處理0~40 cm含水率顯著高于其他4個處理,W100和W90處理0~40 cm含鹽量顯著低于CK 27.6%和16.3%(P0.05),但2個處理間含鹽量無顯著差異,W80處理與CK差異也不顯著,而W70鹽分含量顯著最高。與CK、W80和W70相比,W100和W90處理均顯著增加了收獲期土壤細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌可培養(yǎng)微生物數(shù)量,并增加了可培養(yǎng)優(yōu)勢菌群種類,而W90處理相比W100處理更有利于土壤真菌生長。W100處理食葵產(chǎn)量顯著高于其他4個處理(P0.05),分別較CK、W90、W80和W70增產(chǎn)5.3%、6.8%、11.4%和13.6%,W90與CK兩處理間產(chǎn)量無顯著差異,但其水分生產(chǎn)率顯著高于CK,而W100與CK處理間水分生產(chǎn)率差異不顯著。綜上來看,單純從高產(chǎn)角度,當(dāng)前春灌量水平結(jié)合秸稈隔層(W100)處理食葵增產(chǎn)效果最顯著值得推薦,而從土壤脫鹽、作物穩(wěn)產(chǎn)及水分生產(chǎn)率提高等綜合效應(yīng)考慮,在當(dāng)前春灌基礎(chǔ)上減少10%灌水量結(jié)合秸稈隔層(W90)是可推薦的措施。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of spring irrigation and straw compartments on the distribution of soil water and salt and microflora, a field experiment was conducted in this paper. Under the condition of deep burying of straws, 100% of the irrigation amount in spring irrigation was 100% or 80% of that of the normal spring irrigation. The distribution of water and salt in straw interlayer to moderate saline soil was studied in Hetao irrigation area under different spring irrigation amount. The effect of microbial flora and the yield of edible sunflower. The results showed that the moisture content of 2040 cm soil layer increased with the increase of spring irrigation amount. Compared with CK W90, W80W70, the water content of root distribution layer of W100 treatment increased by 6.5%, 3.6cm and 5.8% compared with CK W90 W80W70 significantly after spring irrigation. (8. 9) P0.05; Both W100 and W90 treatments had better desalination effect after spring irrigation, and the depth of salt leaching was 50 ~ 60 cm. The salt content of 0 ~ 40 cm was significantly lower than that of CK by 18.9% and 13.9% P0.05, and the desalinization rate of soil before and after spring irrigation was 34.9% higher than that of CK, respectively. There was no significant difference in soil salinity and desalinization rate between W100 and W90 treatments after spring irrigation. There was no significant difference between W80 treatment and CK, and the water content of CK was significantly higher than that of the other four treatments. The salt content of 40 cm in W100 and W90 treatments was significantly lower than that in CK 27.6% and 16.3, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments. W80 treatment had no significant difference with CK, but W70 salt content was the highest. Compared with CK W80 and W70 treatments, W100 and W90 treatments significantly increased soil bacteria and actinomycetes at harvest stage. The number of culturable microorganisms was increased and the dominant species of culturable microflora were increased. Compared with W100 treatment, W90 treatment was more favorable to the growth of soil fungi. W100 treatment was significantly higher than the other four treatments P0.05N, compared with CK W90 treatment. There was no significant difference in yield between W80 and W70 between the two treatments, but the water productivity of W80 and W70 was significantly higher than that of CK. But there was no significant difference in water productivity between W100 and CK treatments. In summary, from the perspective of high yield, the current spring irrigation level combined with straw mulch W100) treatment was the most significant to recommend. Considering the comprehensive effects of soil desalination, stable crop yield and water productivity, it is recommended to reduce 10% irrigation amount and straw interlayer W90 on the basis of current spring irrigation.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所;北京理工大學(xué)生命學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(31471455) 公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項經(jīng)費(201303130) 中央級公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項(1610132016051)
【分類號】：S154.3;S156.4
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本文編號：1493023