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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 微量元素 高分子緩釋肥 制備工藝 養(yǎng)分釋放 動力學 盆栽試驗　出處：《中北大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文以尿素、甲醛和鐵、錳、銅、鋅的磷酸二氫鹽為原料制備了一種含鐵錳銅鋅高分子緩釋肥。通過紅外光譜（FT-IR）對其結(jié)構(gòu)進行了表征，通過凝膠滲透色譜（GPC）確定了其平均分子量大小和分子量分布。通過正交和優(yōu)化實驗確定了反應(yīng)的最佳工藝條件為：尿醛比（U/F）為1.6，加成溫度30℃，加成時間80min，，縮聚溫度50℃，縮聚時間30min，凝膠溫度70℃，烘干溫度80℃，此條件下產(chǎn)物的冷水溶解度為24.4%，熱水溶解度為77.2%。 以尿素、甲醛、硼酸和氫氧化鉀為原料制備了一種含硼高分子緩釋肥。通過紅外光譜（FT-IR）表征了其結(jié)構(gòu)，通過凝膠滲透色譜（GPC）確定了其平均分子量大小和分子量分布。通過優(yōu)化實驗確定了反應(yīng)的最佳工藝條件為：U/F為1.25，加成溫度30℃，加成時間80min，縮聚溫度60℃，縮聚時間40min，凝膠溫度70℃，烘干溫度80℃，此條件下產(chǎn)物的冷水溶解度為23.8%，熱水溶解度為76.9%。 通過靜水釋放試驗研究了含微量元素高分子緩釋肥在水中的養(yǎng)分釋放特征，同時進行了動力學分析。結(jié)果表明：含鐵錳銅鋅高分子緩釋肥中各養(yǎng)分的釋放曲線以及肥料失重率變化曲線均近似呈倒“L“型；培養(yǎng)120天之后，氮、磷的累積釋放率以及肥料的失重率分別達到49.0%、100%和62.8%，鐵、錳、銅、鋅在培養(yǎng)30天之后釋放完全；含硼高分子緩釋肥中氮、硼的釋放曲線以及肥料失重率變化曲線均近似呈倒“L”型，培養(yǎng)120天之后氮、硼的累積釋放率分別達到49.2%和43.1%，肥料失重率達到42.0%，鉀在培養(yǎng)10天之后即釋放完全；葉諾維奇方程能夠很好地描述含微量元素高分子緩釋肥的養(yǎng)分釋放模式。 通過土壤培養(yǎng)試驗研究了含鐵錳銅鋅高分子緩釋肥在不同含水量土壤中的養(yǎng)分釋放特征，同時進行了動力學分析。結(jié)果表明：（1）隨著培養(yǎng)時間的延長，土壤中銨態(tài)氮的含量呈現(xiàn)增-減-增-減的變化趨勢，硝態(tài)氮、有效磷和鐵錳銅鋅有效量含量均呈現(xiàn)逐漸增加趨勢；各營養(yǎng)元素的累積釋放率均隨時間延長逐漸增加，且鐵錳銅鋅在90天內(nèi)均釋放完全。（2）隨著含水量的增加，有效磷和鐵錳銅鋅有效量含量逐漸增加，銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮含量分別在含水量為80%和60%條件下最大。磷、鐵、錳、銅、鋅的累積釋放率均隨著含水量增加而增加，氮在各含水量條件下累積釋放率大小順序為60%80%40%，失重率隨含水量增加變化規(guī)律與氮的規(guī)律一致。（3）含鐵錳銅鋅高分子緩釋肥在土壤中培養(yǎng)對土壤酸堿度沒有太大影響。（4）對含鐵錳銅鋅高分子緩釋肥在含水量分別為40%、60%和80%土壤中的養(yǎng)分釋放規(guī)律描述最好的方程分別為：拋物線方程、一級動力學方程和葉諾維奇方程。 通過油菜盆栽試驗對含鐵錳銅鋅高分子緩釋肥的肥效進行了研究，結(jié)果表明：各處理的油菜株高、產(chǎn)量以及油菜對各營養(yǎng)元素吸收量大小順序均為：復混微肥（CCFW）復混肥（CCF）≈含微量元素高分子緩釋肥（SRMF）空白（CK），各處理土壤中氮、磷、鉀的含量大小順序均為：SRMFCCFCCFWCK，鐵、錳、銅、鋅含量大小均為：SRMFCCFWCKCCF，表明含鐵錳銅鋅高分子緩釋肥的加入可促進油菜生長發(fā)育，同時提高土壤肥力。
[Abstract]:In this paper, urea, formaldehyde and iron, manganese, copper, zinc dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials to prepare a polymer containing Fe Mn Cu and Zn fertilizer. By infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine the average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The reaction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment and Optimization: urea formaldehyde (U/F) ratio was 1.6, plus 30 degrees Celsius temperature, addition polycondensation time 80min, temperature 50 C, reaction time 30min, the gel temperature is 70 degrees centigrade, the drying temperature is 80 degrees centigrade, the cold water solubility of the products under this condition is 24.4%, hot water the solubility of 77.2%.
With urea, formaldehyde, boric acid and potassium hydroxide as raw materials to prepare a polymer containing boron fertilizer. By infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine the average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The best reaction condition was determined through optimization experiment: U/F as of 1.25, plus 30 degrees Celsius temperature, addition polycondensation time 80min, temperature 60 C, reaction time 40min, the gel temperature is 70 degrees centigrade, the drying temperature is 80 degrees centigrade, the cold water solubility of the products under 23.8% conditions, water solubility is 76.9%.
Study on the content of trace elements in water polymer slow-release fertilizer nutrient release characteristics of the hydrostatic release test, and the dynamic analysis. The results showed that the nutrient containing Fe Mn Cu and Zn in polymer slow-release fertilizer release curve and fertilizer loss rate curves are approximately inverted "L" type; after 120 days of incubation, nitrogen accumulation. The release rate of phosphorus fertilizer and the loss rate reached 49%, 100% and 62.8%, iron, manganese, copper, zinc release after 30 days in culture; boron containing polymer slow-release fertilizer nitrogen, boron fertilizer release curve and weight loss curves are similar to an inverted "L" type, training 120 days after n b, the cumulative release rate reached 49.2% and 43.1% respectively, the fertilizer loss rate reached 42%, potassium was completely released after 10 days in culture; leaves Norwich release equation can well describe the mode a polymer slow-release fertilizer containing trace elements Type.
Study on iron manganese zinc polymer slow-release fertilizer in different water content in soil by soil nutrient release characteristics, and the dynamic analysis. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of the culture time, the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil showed a trend of increase decrease increase decrease of nitrate. Nitrogen, phosphorus and iron manganese zinc effective amount of content showed a gradually increasing trend; the cumulative release rate of each nutrient element gradually increased, and the Fe Mn Cu and Zn in 90 days were released completely. (2) with the increase of water content, available phosphorus and iron manganese copper zinc content gradually increased effectively, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content in water was 80% and 60%. The maximum under the condition of phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the cumulative release rate increases with the increasing of water content, nitrogen in the water under the condition of the cumulative release rate of the order of 60%80%40%, with the rate of weight loss Content consistent increasing trend with nitrogen. (3) containing Fe Mn Cu and Zn in soil cultivation of polymer slow-release fertilizer has little effect on soil pH. (4) of Fe Mn Cu Zn polymer slow release fertilizer in water were 40%, 60% and 80% in soil nutrient release patterns describe the best equations are: parabolic equation, first-order kinetic equation and Ye Aganovich equation.
The effect of rape pot experiment of Fe Mn Cu Zn polymer slow-release fertilizer was studied, the result showed that the plant height and yield of rape, rape uptake sequence are of different nutrient elements: mixed trace elements (CCFW) compound fertilizer (CCF) - containing trace elements of polymer slow-release fertilizer (SRMF) blank (CK), nitrogen, soil phosphorus content of each treatment, the size of order k were: SRMFCCFCCFWCK, iron, manganese, copper, zinc content in size were: SRMFCCFWCKCCF, indicated that the addition of iron manganese zinc polymer slow-release fertilizer can promote the growth and development of rape, and improve soil fertility.

【學位授予單位】：中北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ449.1

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