本文關(guān)鍵詞： 秸稈育苗容器 元素釋放 土壤微生物 酶活性　出處：《南京信息工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國,每年都會產(chǎn)生大量的農(nóng)作物秸稈。農(nóng)作物秸稈資源化利用是現(xiàn)階段的研究熱點,利用秸稈輔以生物膠粘劑加工制作育苗容器,是近年來國內(nèi)外秸稈綜合利用新的研究方向之一。已有研究結(jié)果表明,秸稈育苗容器具有良好的生物可降解性,通過高溫堆肥或埋入土中可以快速分解。但針對秸稈容器在進入土壤之后與環(huán)境相容性及其對土壤微生物區(qū)系的影響以及土壤和植物生態(tài)影響報道較少。本文目的在于了解秸稈育苗容器在土壤中的養(yǎng)分釋放情況、對土壤微生物區(qū)系的影響及其對植物病原菌侵染植物幼苗能力及植物感病的影響,采用以改性淀粉膠和改性豆膠為膠粘劑、稻殼粉為填充料制作而成的秸稈育苗器土埋試驗。主要研究結(jié)果如下：在稻草秸稈盆缽65d的土埋過程中,兩種育苗容器均發(fā)生了不同程度的降解并伴隨有碳、氮、磷、鉀養(yǎng)分釋放。起初5d養(yǎng)分釋放較快,主要為水溶性養(yǎng)分的釋放；中后期釋放平穩(wěn),主要是微生物降解引起的養(yǎng)分釋放。土埋65d,淀粉膠容器碳、氮、磷、鉀釋放量為67.1%、68.0%、80.2%、85.9%,豆膠容器為25.9%、55.5%、73.8%、81.3%,兩種容器養(yǎng)分釋放速率均表現(xiàn)為KPNC。秸稈容器碳、氮、鉀釋放量與土壤總凱氏氮、有效鉀增長速率呈極顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.01),磷素和碳素釋放量與土壤速效磷增加和土壤有機碳增長無確定相關(guān)性(p0.05)。對土埋試驗過后的豆膠育苗容器進行的結(jié)構(gòu)特征分析表明：65 d時,該育苗容器中的纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素及灰分的含量分別比土埋前降低了11.19%、24.53%、7.15%和31.01%。從紅外分析結(jié)果可知,土壤中微生物對豆膠容器中的纖維素、木質(zhì)素以及膠粘劑有很強的降解作用。對該容器的熱重分析顯示,降解后容器穩(wěn)定性得到部分提高�？偟恼f來,秸稈育苗容器在土埋條件下具有良好的生物可降解性,能夠與土壤環(huán)境良好的相容。試驗過程中,土壤中磷酸酶和脲酶活性在培養(yǎng)結(jié)束時都得到了提高,其中埋有淀粉膠容器的處理兩類酶活性分別是豆膠處理酶活的1.17倍和1.31倍。不論是土壤微生物還是秸稈容器殘體中微生物,豆膠容器的微生物活性、微生物多樣性指數(shù)和微生物均勻度指數(shù)均高于淀粉膠處理。兩類秸稈育苗容器的降解均能提高土壤中微生物活性,促進土壤中微生物的繁殖和代謝。從上述結(jié)果可知,秸稈育苗容器作為一種新型的營養(yǎng)缽,可以促進植物的生長,同時該容器在土壤中能夠降解并且能夠與環(huán)境相容。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country, which produces a large amount of crop straw every year. The utilization of crop straw resource is a hot topic at this stage. It is one of the new research directions of straw comprehensive utilization at home and abroad in recent years. The research results show that straw seedling container has good biodegradability. It can be decomposed quickly by composting or embedding in soil at high temperature. However, there are few reports on the compatibility of straw container with the environment after entering the soil and its influence on soil microbial flora and on soil and plant ecology. It is important to understand the nutrient release of straw seedling container in soil. The effects on soil microbial flora and the ability of plant pathogens to infect plant seedlings and plant susceptibility were studied. Modified starch glue and modified soybean gum were used as adhesives. The soil burying test of rice husk powder as filling material was carried out. The main results were as follows: in the process of soil burying in straw bowl for 65 days. The nutrient release of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was very fast at the beginning of 5 days, mainly the release of water-soluble nutrients. After 65 days of soil burial, the amount of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium released from starch container was 67.1% and 80.2%. The nutrient release rate of the two containers was KPNC.The release rate of carbon, nitrogen and potassium from straw container and soil total Kjeldahl nitrogen. There was a significant correlation between the growth rate of available potassium and the growth rate of available potassium (p0.01). There was no definite correlation between the amount of phosphorus and carbon released from soil and the increase of available phosphorus and organic carbon in soil. The structural characteristics of soybean gum seedling container after soil-burying test were analyzed. The results showed that there was no correlation between the increase of available phosphorus and the increase of soil organic carbon. The contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash in the seedling container were reduced by 11.19% and 24.53%, respectively. 7.15% and 31.01. The results of IR analysis showed that soil microbes could degrade cellulose, lignin and adhesive in soybean gum container. The thermogravimetric analysis of the container showed that soil microorganism could degrade cellulose, lignin and adhesive in soybean gum container. After degradation, the stability of the container was partly improved. In general, the straw seedling container had good biodegradability under the condition of soil burial, and could be compatible with the soil environment. The activities of phosphatase and urease in soil increased at the end of culture. The enzyme activities of two kinds of enzymes embedded in starch gel container were 1.17 times and 1.31 times as much as those of soybean gum treatment, both in soil microorganism and straw container residue. The microbial activity, microbial diversity index and microbial evenness index of soybean gum container were higher than those of starch gel treatment. From the above results, as a new nutrient bowl, straw seedling container can promote the growth of plants. At the same time, the container can be degraded in the soil and can be compatible with the environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S359;S154

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 魏杰;董金獅;;生產(chǎn)秸稈型植物纖維制品新途徑——環(huán)�；ㄅ鑋A];中國環(huán)境保護優(yōu)秀論文集（2005）（下冊）[C];2005年

，

本文編號：1492047