本文關(guān)鍵詞： 土壤水力參數(shù) SWAP模型 PEST 土壤含水量 實(shí)際蒸散發(fā)　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：土壤水力參數(shù)的確定是農(nóng)業(yè)水文模型應(yīng)用的重要環(huán)節(jié)。近年來,數(shù)值反演方法被廣泛的應(yīng)用于土壤水力參數(shù)的估計(jì)。該方法雖然避免了人工試錯(cuò)法的費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,但也存在著局部收斂和“異參同效”等問題,獲得的結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性仍然存在爭議。因此,研究土壤水力參數(shù)的數(shù)值反演,多方面的對(duì)優(yōu)化的參數(shù)以及模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)估,對(duì)數(shù)值反演方法的應(yīng)用以及模型精度的提高具有重要意義。本文將農(nóng)業(yè)水文模型SWAP(Soil-Water-Atmosphere and Plant)與數(shù)值反演程序PEST耦合,利用北京市通州區(qū)張家灣試驗(yàn)站的三個(gè)土壤剖面,首先進(jìn)行SWAP模型的正向模擬,得到土壤含水量和實(shí)際蒸散發(fā)值,將這些值作為實(shí)際觀測(cè)值并認(rèn)為沒有誤差,用于反演模擬。其次,本文探討了數(shù)值反演的單一目標(biāo)優(yōu)化。從土壤含水量觀測(cè)誤差,觀測(cè)頻率和觀測(cè)點(diǎn)空間設(shè)置三個(gè)方面對(duì)估計(jì)參數(shù)的不確定性和模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)估。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)只用土壤含水量來反演估計(jì)土壤水力參數(shù)時(shí),土壤含水量觀測(cè)誤差應(yīng)在37.5%以內(nèi),且土壤水力參數(shù)的不確定性隨著土壤水分觀測(cè)誤差的增加而增加;土壤水力參數(shù)的反演對(duì)觀測(cè)頻率變化不敏感,土壤含水量的觀測(cè)頻率最好不要超過四周;觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的增加對(duì)土壤含水量的擬合精度有所提高,當(dāng)每層各增加一個(gè)點(diǎn)時(shí),模擬結(jié)果最好,但如果條件不允許時(shí),在第一層加觀測(cè)點(diǎn),對(duì)各層反演精度的提高貢獻(xiàn)更大。在此基礎(chǔ)上,考慮到單一變量的不可靠性,我們進(jìn)一步探索數(shù)值反演的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化。本文在應(yīng)用土壤含水量的基礎(chǔ)上,增加實(shí)際蒸散發(fā)量(ETa)作為另一反演變量,比較了在不同作物體系下,分別用土壤含水量(θ)、土壤含水量和實(shí)際蒸散發(fā)量(ETa)、實(shí)際蒸散發(fā)量(ETa)反演得到的各反演變量的模擬結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明,在假設(shè)的現(xiàn)實(shí)條件下(土壤含水量觀測(cè)誤差為10%,觀測(cè)頻率為一周,觀測(cè)點(diǎn)為每個(gè)土壤層一個(gè)),只用ETa反演得到的結(jié)果均是最差的,尤其是對(duì)于土壤含水量的模擬;ETa的加入對(duì)反演變量模擬精度的提高并不明顯,甚至在輪作時(shí),會(huì)有反作用,這說明,在大多數(shù)情況下,只用土壤含水量進(jìn)行參數(shù)反演就足夠了,ETa對(duì)于土壤含水量和ETa的擬合效果的提高并沒有太大作用。
[Abstract]:The determination of soil hydraulic parameters is an important step in the application of agricultural hydrological models. In recent years, numerical inversion method has been widely used in the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters. However, there are also some problems such as local convergence and "heteroparametric equivalence", and the accuracy of the obtained results is still controversial. Therefore, the numerical inversion of soil hydraulic parameters is studied, and the optimized parameters and simulation results are evaluated in many aspects. It is of great significance for the application of numerical inversion method and the improvement of model precision. In this paper, the agricultural hydrological model SWAP(Soil-Water-Atmosphere and plant is coupled with the numerical inversion program PEST, and the three soil sections of Zhangjiawan Experimental Station in Tongzhou District, Beijing, are used in this paper. First, the forward simulation of the SWAP model is carried out to get the soil moisture content and the actual evapotranspiration value. These values are regarded as the actual observed values and there is no error, so they can be used to inverse the simulation. In this paper, the single objective optimization of numerical inversion is discussed. The uncertainty and simulation results of the estimated parameters are evaluated from three aspects: the observation error of soil moisture content, the observation frequency and the space setting of observation points. When only soil water content is used to estimate soil hydraulic parameters, the observation error of soil water content should be less than 37.5%, and the uncertainty of soil hydraulic parameters increases with the increase of soil moisture observation error. The inversion of soil hydraulic parameters is insensitive to the change of observed frequency, and the observation frequency of soil water content should not exceed four weeks, and the fitting accuracy of soil water content is improved with the increase of observation points, when one point is added to each layer, The simulation results are the best, but if conditions do not permit, adding observation points in the first layer contributes more to the improvement of inversion accuracy in each layer. On this basis, considering the unreliability of a single variable, We further explore the multi-objective optimization of numerical inversion. Based on the soil moisture content, the increase of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is used as another inversion variable to compare different crop systems. The simulated results obtained from the inversion of soil water content (胃), soil moisture content and actual evapotranspiration (ETaan) and actual evapotranspiration (ETaa) are obtained respectively. In the hypothetical realistic condition (the observation error of soil water content is 10, the observation frequency is one week, the observation point is one for each soil layer, the results obtained by ETa inversion are the worst. In particular, the addition of ETa to the simulation of soil moisture content does not improve the simulation accuracy of the inversion variables obviously, even in rotation, which indicates that, in most cases, Only soil water content can be used for parameter inversion is enough to improve the fitting effect of soil water content and ETa.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S152.7

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