汶川地震對森林土壤養(yǎng)分動態(tài)的影響
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 汶川地震 地震跡地 鄰近未受損林窗 土壤養(yǎng)分 微生物生物量 出處:《應(yīng)用與環(huán)境生物學(xué)報》2016年05期 論文類型:期刊論文
【摘要】:地震導(dǎo)致地表植被嚴(yán)重破壞,土壤物理性質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分循環(huán)發(fā)生明顯變化,這對震后植被恢復(fù)有重要影響.選取兩處受汶川地震影響的森林植被區(qū),分別設(shè)置4個處理,即地震跡地、地震跡地枯木旁、鄰近未受損森林、鄰近未受損林窗,對比研究表層土壤(0-20 cm)物理因子、有機質(zhì)、速效養(yǎng)分以及微生物等.結(jié)果顯示兩處研究地點有大致一樣的趨勢:地震跡地與地震跡地枯木旁溫差與p H值浮動變化顯著大于未受損森林與林窗,土壤含水量明顯低于未受損森林和林窗;震后造成土壤有機質(zhì)含量顯著降低,損失高達(dá)50%,速效養(yǎng)分損失高達(dá)80%;速效養(yǎng)分(銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮)與微生物生物量碳氮含量由高到低順序為鄰近未受損森林、鄰近未受損林窗、地震跡地枯木旁、地震跡地;震后枯木在地震跡地形成養(yǎng)分熱點,其速效養(yǎng)分及微生物生物量碳、氮高于地震跡地,在生長季節(jié)較為顯著,其速效養(yǎng)分硝態(tài)氮含量最高是地震跡地的5.88倍.本研究表明汶川地震導(dǎo)致受損森林系統(tǒng)表層土壤有機質(zhì)等的極大流失,同時震后跡地土壤有效養(yǎng)分、微生物生物量顯著降低,地震跡地枯木旁形成土壤"肥力島",震后生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)將經(jīng)歷養(yǎng)分富集和植被演替過程.
[Abstract]:The earthquake caused serious destruction of surface vegetation and obvious changes in soil physical properties and nutrient cycle, which have an important impact on the restoration of vegetation after the earthquake. Two forest vegetation areas affected by Wenchuan earthquake were selected. Four treatments were set up respectively, that is, seismic field, dry wood, adjacent undamaged forest and undamaged forest window. The physical factors and organic matter of surface soil (0-20 cm) were studied comparatively. The results showed that the variation of temperature difference and pH value around the dead trees in the seismic field and the seismic field was significantly larger than that in the undamaged forest and gap. Soil moisture content was significantly lower than that of undamaged forests and gaps. After the earthquake, the content of soil organic matter decreased significantly, the loss of soil organic matter was as high as 50%, and the loss of available nutrients was as high as 80%. The available nutrients (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in order from high to low are adjacent undamaged forest, near undamaged forest window, near the dry wood in earthquake field, and in seismic field. After the earthquake, the dry wood formed nutrient hot spot in the seismic field, and its available nutrients and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were higher than those in the seismic field, and were more obvious in the growing season. The content of nitrate nitrogen was 5.88 times higher than that in the earthquake site. This study showed that the Wenchuan earthquake caused a great loss of soil organic matter in the damaged forest system and the soil available nutrients in the post-earthquake area. The microbial biomass decreased significantly and soil "fertility islands" were formed next to the dead trees in the seismic field. The restoration of ecosystem after the earthquake will undergo nutrient enrichment and vegetation succession process.
【作者單位】: 貴州大學(xué)動物科學(xué)學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院山地生態(tài)恢復(fù)與生物資源利用重點實驗室生態(tài)恢復(fù)與生物多樣性保育四川省重點實驗室中國科學(xué)院成都生物研究所;
【基金】:國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31500346,31350110328) 四川省科技廳項目(2014HH0017,2015HH0025,2015JY0231,2016HH0082) 中國科學(xué)院“西部之光”項目和中國科學(xué)院成都生物研究所青年研究員項目資助~~
【分類號】:P315;S714.8
【正文快照】: CLC S714:P315.728地震是一種突發(fā)性的地殼構(gòu)造運動;是巖石圈某一有限區(qū)域內(nèi)能量的突然釋放所引起的震動,是地震災(zāi)害的主要致災(zāi)因子[1-2].地震對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響主要通過改變地形地貌加以實現(xiàn),導(dǎo)致生態(tài)系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)重破壞,并震毀地上植被賴以生存的土體結(jié)構(gòu),如果發(fā)生在山區(qū),對生態(tài)影
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