本文關鍵詞： 景觀指數(shù) 耕地破碎化 超越對數(shù)隨機前沿模型 農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)技術效率 岔口小流域　出處：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：耕地作為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的先決條件和物質(zhì)基礎,其數(shù)量與質(zhì)量對于保障國家糧食安全及維護社會經(jīng)濟持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展具有深遠意義。耕地破碎化是與耕地規(guī)�；鄬耐恋乩酶窬�,也是我國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的典型特征之一,它的存在限制了農(nóng)機化的發(fā)展、造成了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術效率的損失。岔口小流域地處黃土高原丘陵區(qū),水土流失嚴重,生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱,景觀破碎化較為普遍,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相對落后,耕地資源是當?shù)剞r(nóng)戶經(jīng)濟來源最依賴的物質(zhì)基礎,而且流域的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為永和縣提供了重要的糧食保障資源,因此探究該流域耕地破碎化、農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)效率問題具有很強的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。本研究的研究思路為：選取岔口小流域作為研究區(qū),利用SPOT、QuickBird遙感影像,2013年岔口小流域土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖,農(nóng)戶調(diào)查資料等數(shù)據(jù),通過ArcGIS、Fragstats軟件及多種景觀指數(shù)對4種耕地類型單元進行了破碎化差異性評價,并闡釋了耕地破碎化格局對農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營行為的影響;通過構(gòu)建超越對數(shù)隨機前沿模型及效率函數(shù)模型并進行估算,此外從不同地塊規(guī)模與不同耕地類型的雙角度,進一步分析耕地破碎化對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)技術效率的影響,得出如下結(jié)論：(1)4種耕地類型的破碎化程度的大小排序表現(xiàn)為：溝壩地坡耕地溝川地梯田,與地塊的自然破碎化相比,地塊的權屬破碎化及農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營上的破碎化表現(xiàn)的更為嚴重;(2)當前流域耕地的破碎化現(xiàn)狀影響著農(nóng)戶水保行為、種植行為、兼業(yè)行為,使得農(nóng)戶具體經(jīng)營行為差異化、區(qū)域化明顯,造成農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率低、農(nóng)機化水平低、糧食產(chǎn)量低等諸多問題；(3)本流域所調(diào)查農(nóng)戶的耕地平均生產(chǎn)技術效率為75.14%,若消除農(nóng)戶的效率損失,農(nóng)戶在未來農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中還有24.86%的效率提升額度與挖潛空間；(4)黃土高原丘陵區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量是限制糧食產(chǎn)出的重要原因之一,一味擴大地塊規(guī)模,將事倍功半,甚至可能會對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡造成諸多不利影響。因此流域在經(jīng)過土地整治擴大地塊規(guī)模的同時,還應考慮加強農(nóng)業(yè)基礎設施的配套完善,注重改良耕地質(zhì)量,充分挖掘耕地生產(chǎn)潛力來提高糧食產(chǎn)出能力；(5)≤4畝的小地塊規(guī)模農(nóng)戶平均效率為77.53%,高于其他4個地塊規(guī)模組,后4個地塊規(guī)模組農(nóng)戶的平均效率呈現(xiàn)出“倒U型”的趨勢；(6)4種耕地利用類型下農(nóng)戶的平均效率大小排序：溝川地(80.69%)溝壩地(79.85%)梯田(72.95%)坡耕地(67.08%)。因此,流域未來應立足于“農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡”的前提下,繼續(xù)加強土地綜合整治和農(nóng)村基礎設施建設,充分挖掘耕地生產(chǎn)潛力,調(diào)整農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營模式,為促進耕地資源的高效集約利用貢獻力量。
[Abstract]:As the precondition and material foundation of agricultural production, the quantity and quality of cultivated land are important to ensure national food security and maintain social and economic sustainability. Farmland fragmentation is a land use pattern corresponding to the scale of cultivated land. It is also one of the typical characteristics of traditional agricultural production in China, and its existence limits the development of agricultural mechanization. The small watershed is located in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau, where soil and water loss is serious, ecological environment is fragile, landscape fragmentation is common, and the economic development is relatively backward. Cultivated land resources are the most dependent material basis for local farmers' economic sources, and agricultural production in the basin provides important food security resources for Yonghe County. Therefore, the paper explores the fragmentation of cultivated land in this basin. The problem of farmers' production efficiency is of great theoretical and practical significance. The research idea of this study is to select a small watershed at the fork as the research area and use SPOTO QuickBird remote sensing image. In 2013, the land use status map of Chankou small watershed, survey data of farmers and other data were passed through ArcGIS. Fragstats software and several landscape indices were used to evaluate the fragmentation difference of four cultivated land types, and the influence of farmland fragmentation pattern on farmers' management behavior was explained. By constructing the transcendental logarithmic stochastic frontier model and efficiency function model and estimating, in addition, from different plot size and different cultivated land types of dual angles. Further analysis of the impact of farmland fragmentation on the technical efficiency of farmers, it is concluded that the degree of fragmentation of the four types of cultivated land as follows: gully slope farmland terrace. Compared with the natural fragmentation of land blocks, the ownership fragmentation of land blocks and the fragmentation of farmers' management are more serious. 2) the current situation of farmland fragmentation in the river basin affects farmers' behavior of soil and water conservation, planting and concurrent operation, which makes farmers' concrete management behavior different and regionalization obvious, resulting in low efficiency of agricultural production. The agricultural mechanization level is low, the grain yield is low and so on many problems; 3) the average productivity of cultivated land investigated in this basin is 75.14, if the loss of farmers' efficiency is eliminated. Farmers in the future agricultural production process there are 24.86% of the efficiency of the increase in the amount and potential space; 4) the quality of cultivated land in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau is one of the important reasons for restricting grain output. It may even have many adverse effects on the balance of ecosystem. Therefore, the basin should consider strengthening the agricultural infrastructure and improving the quality of cultivated land while expanding the scale of land plots through land regulation. Fully tap the potential of cultivated land production to improve grain production capacity; (5) the average efficiency of peasant households in small plots 鈮，

本文編號：1482806