本文關鍵詞： 豬糞 蚯蚓堆肥 DOM 腐殖物質(zhì) 重金屬　出處：《杭州師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本研究采用豬糞、13C標記水稻秸稈混合物為原材料進行蚯蚓處理,研究蚯蚓處理前后堆制物的基本特性及重金屬變化規(guī)律、水溶性有機物(DOM)和腐殖質(zhì)組分的表征及其重金屬變化,進一步研究畜糞蚯蚓堆肥中胡敏酸(HA)對Cu的吸附及影響因素和蚯蚓活動對腐殖質(zhì)組分及其結(jié)合態(tài)重金屬轉(zhuǎn)化的影響等,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)蚯蚓堆肥過程中,蚯蚓的存活率和蚓體生長量變化一致,均呈先減后增趨勢。當蚯蚓適應環(huán)境后,可促進堆制物的降解;堆肥結(jié)束后,蚯蚓處理使堆制物的pH、EC、溫度和CEC升高;TC、TN含量增加,但C/N減少;營養(yǎng)元素總P、總K含量增加,且有效態(tài)的N、P、K含量亦呈增加趨勢;微生物量碳含量減少但過氧化氫酶含量較高。蚯蚓能富集重金屬Cu、Zn,對Cu具有更高的富集能力;蚯蚓處理使堆制物中總Cu量增加而使其有效態(tài)Cu含量減少,但Zn含量則相反。根據(jù)δ13C值和重金屬含量變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)13C標記水稻秸稈和重金屬能在蚓體、蚓糞中遷移、轉(zhuǎn)化;各物質(zhì)的Cu和Zn含量相互間存在影響。(2)蚯蚓處理后,堆制物中DOM含量增加,但DOM溶液中重金屬Cu、Zn含量減少。經(jīng)蚯蚓處理后,堆制物DOM中C、H、N含量增加,O含量減少,與自然堆肥處理相比,蚯蚓處理堆制物的DOM中具有更少的脂肪族官能團和更多的含氧官能團,其分子量更大,多糖物質(zhì)含量降低,含氮物質(zhì)增加,并具有更多復雜和密集的芳香結(jié)構(gòu)存在。DOM的δ13C值的變化與DOM濃度呈顯著相關,但蚯蚓堆肥中稻草碳源不易轉(zhuǎn)化為DOM。(3)蚯蚓堆肥過程中,堆制物腐殖物質(zhì)組分HS、HA和FA含量均呈增長趨勢。與自然堆肥相比,蚯蚓堆肥后,腐殖物質(zhì)組分HA分子量變小,其含氮官能團、脂肪族官能團和含氧官能團均相對較少,所含脂肪族物質(zhì)和多糖物質(zhì)呈減少趨勢;FA中含氮化合物、脂肪族官能團增加,含氧官能團減少,所含芳香族化合物或羧酸類物質(zhì)和多糖物質(zhì)增加,分子量增大。熒光光譜分析表明,相對于自然堆肥,蚯蚓處理后堆制物腐殖質(zhì)組分HA和FA具有較少的芳香蛋白物質(zhì)、類胡敏酸、類富里酸及類蛋白物質(zhì),但結(jié)構(gòu)復雜化程度較高。蚯蚓堆肥過程中,HA和FA的δ13C值變化相反,δ13C值始終為FAHA,故HA可能被轉(zhuǎn)化成為了FA。(4)HA對Cu的吸附能力受pH、溫度和HA初始濃度變化影響。通過擬合Henry、Langmuir和Freundlich方程可知,隨著pH的增大,HA對Cu的最大吸附量增加;當溫度和HA起始濃度適中時,蚯蚓處理的HA對Cu的吸附量最大。HA與Cu配合后,發(fā)生熒光猝滅現(xiàn)象,猝滅程度受pH、溫度和HA濃度影響。HA吸附Cu后的熒光特征峰強度:隨pH及HA起始濃度增大,HA吸附Cu后的熒光峰強度減小;隨溫度增加,HA吸附Cu后的熒光峰強度呈先增后減趨勢。此外,S1處理所得HA比S2處理更能與Cu發(fā)生熒光猝滅現(xiàn)象。(5)蚯蚓處理過程中,蚯蚓活動能增大腐殖物質(zhì)的礦化速率而重金屬Cu會抑制蚯蚓活動,影響微生物和蚯蚓對腐殖物質(zhì)分解。蚯蚓活動造成HA含量減少,HS和FA含量增加,并使HA/FA值降低,促進HA向FA轉(zhuǎn)化;添加Cu后腐殖物質(zhì)及各組分含量更少,這可能與蚯蚓活動促進Cu與腐殖質(zhì)結(jié)合形成難溶性物質(zhì)有關。紅外光譜分析和熒光光譜分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),蚯蚓活動對HA中多糖類物質(zhì)的形成有一定促進作用,蚯蚓活動會造成FA中脂肪族物質(zhì)相應減少;相對于自然堆肥,蚯蚓堆肥在一定程度上造成HA中類胡敏酸有機物和FA類富里酸有機物中增加緩慢,FA中芳香族蛋白質(zhì)物質(zhì)減少緩慢,而重金屬Cu會影響它們的形成。此外,蚯蚓對重金屬Cu具有富集作用,且腐殖物質(zhì)中FA結(jié)合態(tài)Cu遠大于HA結(jié)合態(tài)Cu。
[Abstract]:This study used 13C labeled pig manure, rice straw mixture as raw materials for earthworms, basic characteristics and heavy metal changes before and after treatment of earthworm composting material, water soluble organic matter (DOM) characterization and change of heavy metal and humus, further research on animal manure composting earthworm Hu Min acid (HA) adsorption on Cu and the influence factors of Earthworm on humus composition and associated heavy metals into impact, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the process of vermicomposting, survival rate and earthworm earthworm growth variation, were decreased at first and then increased. When earthworms adapt to the environment, can promote the degradation of composting fabric; after composting, the composting earthworms. PH, EC, TC, CEC and temperature increased; the content of TN increased, but C/N decreased; total nutrient P, increase the content of total K, and available N, P, K content also increased; microbial biomass carbon Reduce the amount but higher content of catalase. Earthworms enrichment of heavy metals of Cu, Zn, has a higher enrichment ability of Cu; the total Cu of composting earthworms in increasing the available Cu content was decreased, but the content of Zn on the contrary. According to the change of 13C values and heavy metal content, found that 13C markers in rice straw and heavy metals in earthworm, migration, vermicompost; Cu and Zn content of each substance exists mutual influence. (2) the earthworm treatment, increase the content of DOM in the composting material, but the heavy metal Cu in DOM solution, the content of Zn decreased. After vermicomposting and composting of DOM C, H, N content increased, O content decreased, compared with natural composting, Vermicomposting of composting material has less DOM in aliphatic groups and more oxygen-containing functional groups, the molecular weight is bigger, reducing sugars content, nitrogen increased, and has more complex and dense aromatic structure the presence of.D 13C was significantly related to the change of OM value and DOM concentration, but the earthworm compost straw carbon source is not easily converted to DOM. (3) in the process of vermicomposting, composting material component of humic substances HS, HA and FA content showed an increasing trend. Compared with natural composting, vermicomposting, humic substances group HA molecular weight is small, the nitrogen containing functional groups, aliphatic groups and oxygen-containing functional groups are relatively small, containing aliphatic substances and polysaccharide substances decreased; compounds containing FA, aliphatic groups increased, reducing the oxygen containing functional groups, containing aromatic compounds or carboxylic acids and sugars increased molecular weight increased. The fluorescence spectra show that compared with natural compost, aromatic substances after composting earthworm protein matter humus fractions HA and FA have less, Hu Min acid, fulvic acid and protein like substances, but the structure is complex. A higher degree of vermicomposting In the process of HA, Delta 13C and FA values decreased, 13C values are always FAHA, so HA could be transformed into the FA. (4) adsorption capacity of HA Cu by pH. The change of temperature and the initial concentration of HA. By fitting the Henry, Langmuir and Freundlich equation, with the increase of pH, the largest the adsorption capacity of HA Cu increase; when the temperature and the initial concentration of HA is moderate, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu.HA and HA Cu on earthworms after the match, the fluorescence quenching occurs, the quenching degree by pH, effects of temperature and concentration of HA fluorescence intensity of.HA after the adsorption of Cu: with the initial pH and HA concentration the increase of fluorescence intensity, decrease the adsorption of HA after Cu; with the increase of temperature, the fluorescence intensity of HA adsorption after Cu first increased and then decreased. In addition, the HA S1 treatment than S2 treatment to the fluorescence quenching occurs with Cu. (5) earthworm treatment process, earthworms can increase humic substances the mineralization rate and heavy Cu can inhibit the effect of microorganisms and earthworms, earthworm on decomposition of humic substances. Earthworm activity caused by reduced HA content and increased HS and FA content, and the decrease of HA/FA value, promote the HA to FA conversion; after adding Cu humic substances and components content less, which may Cu and humus combine to form insoluble substances related to earthworm activity promotion. Infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed that earthworm activity has a role in promoting the formation of HA polysaccharide, earthworm activity will cause FA aliphatic substances decreased; compared with natural composting, vermicomposting resulted in a certain extent in HA Hu Min and FA rich organic acid in acid organic matter increased slowly, aromatic protein FA decreased slowly, and the heavy metal Cu will affect their formation. In addition, earthworms have accumulation of heavy metals and humic substances in FA Cu, bound Cu Far greater than HA bound Cu.

【學位授予單位】：杭州師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4

【引證文獻】

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1 沈秀麗;楊增玲;韓魯佳;;畜禽糞便引發(fā)的重金屬污染的研究現(xiàn)狀[A];中國農(nóng)業(yè)工程學會2011年學術(shù)年會論文集[C];2011年

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本文編號：1480232