本文關鍵詞： 粘土 復合保水材料 吸液性能 緩釋性能 保水緩釋肥　出處：《太原理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)丙烯酸鹽保水材料存在成本高、性能單一、吸液倍率低、保水能力不佳等不足。如何降低成本、提高材料性能是研制保水膜材的關鍵因素。物美價廉的粘土材料表層擁有大量的Si(Al)-OH結構,內部含有豐富的易發(fā)生置換的金屬離子,將其引入保水材料聚合結構可以改善原材料的諸多性能,提高經(jīng)濟效益、擴大利潤。本文借助水溶液聚合法,選用過硫酸鉀-亞硫酸鈉氧化還原引發(fā)體系,以丙烯酸(AA)與丙烯酰胺(AM)為反應單體,N,N-亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺為交聯(lián)劑,丙三醇為增塑劑,添加三種粘土如改性蒙脫土(OMMT)、蒙脫土(MMT)、高嶺土(Kaolin)合成了一系列復合保水材料。以降低成本、改善材料性能為目的對合成因素與性能間的關系進行考察,進而研制保水緩釋肥。采用紅外、熱重、掃描等方法表征合成的材料及膜層。主要結論如下:(1)從成本及性能的角度綜合考慮,復合保水材料的最佳合成配方為:單體配比即m(AA):m(AM)=3.5:1,反應中和度為70%,引發(fā)劑用量為1%,交聯(lián)劑用量為0.04%,丙三醇用量為15%,蒙脫土用量為20%。復合保水材料在鹽溶液中的吸液能力隨離子濃度增大而下降,且在等陽離子濃度的氯鹽溶液中,各離子的影響順序為:Fe3+Ca2+Na+K+。(2)紅外(IR)與熱重(TG-DTG)表征得出,粘土與反應原料的復合不是簡單的混合,而是通過粘土表層的羥基(-OH)與丙烯酸中的羧基(-COOH)發(fā)生反應。P(AA-AM)/粘土復合保水材料分解溫度升高,說明粘土的引入賦予材料更好的熱穩(wěn)定性。復合保水材料中粘土與反應原料復合的3個過程為酯化反應的發(fā)生、引發(fā)反應的進行和氫鍵結構的建立。(3)采用自制的噴動設備、保水材料包膜液制備保水緩釋肥。相關性能測試表明,就緩釋性能、土壤持水能力及保水性能而言,P(AA-AM)/粘土復合保水緩釋肥的性能優(yōu)于P(AA-AM)保水緩釋肥。(4)膜層的紅外光譜和SEM圖表明了保水膜層的存在,且SEM圖膜層結構中孔隙、片層及“海-島”結構的出現(xiàn)解釋了膜層吸液性能高的原因。
[Abstract]:The traditional acrylic water retention material has many disadvantages, such as high cost, single performance, low absorbency, poor water retention capacity and so on. How to reduce the cost. Improving the properties of the material is the key factor in the development of water-retaining membrane. The surface layer of high-quality and inexpensive clay material has a large number of Si(Al)-OH structure, and the interior contains abundant metal ions that are easy to be replaced. Introducing it into the polymerization structure of water-retaining materials can improve the properties of raw materials, increase economic benefits and expand profits. In this paper, potassium persulfate sodium sulfite redox initiation system is selected by aqueous solution polymerization. Three kinds of clay such as modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were added with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) as crosslinking agent and glycerol as plasticizer. A series of composite water-retaining materials were synthesized by montmorillonite (MMT) and Kaolin. The relationship between the synthesis factors and the properties was investigated in order to reduce the cost and improve the properties of the materials. The synthesized materials and films were characterized by IR, TGA and scanning. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) considering the cost and performance. The optimum synthetic formula of the composite water-retaining material is as follows: the monomer ratio is 3. 5: 1, the neutralization degree is 70, the amount of initiator is 1, and the amount of crosslinking agent is 0.04%. The ratio of glycerol to montmorillonite and montmorillonite were 15 and 20 respectively. The absorbency of the composite water-retaining material in salt solution decreased with the increase of ion concentration and in the chloride solution with the same cationic concentration. The influence order of each ion is: Fe 3 Ca2 Na K) IR) and TG-DTG) it is concluded that the composite of clay and raw material is not a simple mixture. Instead, the decomposition temperature of AA-AMN / clay composite water-retaining material was increased by the reaction between hydroxyl group (OH) and carboxyl group (COOH) in acrylic acid. The results show that the introduction of clay gives better thermal stability and the three processes of composite water-retaining material are esterification reaction. The initiation reaction and the establishment of hydrogen bond structure. 3) using the self-made spouted equipment, the water-retaining material coating liquid was used to prepare the water-retaining slow-release fertilizer. The related performance tests showed that the slow-release property was obtained. Soil water holding capacity and water retention performance. The FT-IR spectra and SEM diagrams of the water-retaining and slow-release fertilizer (PIAA-AMN / clay composite) were better than that of PAA-AM4). The existence of the water-retaining film was indicated by IR spectra and SEM diagrams. The appearance of pores, lamellae and "sea-island" structure in the membrane structure of SEM diagram explains the high liquid absorption performance of the film.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ449.1

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