本文關(guān)鍵詞： 雜鹵石 土壤pH 土壤EC 作物 養(yǎng)分　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：雜鹵石(K_2Ca_2Mg[SO_4]_4·2H_2O)是一種富含鉀、鈣、鎂、硫等多元素的的礦物,在我國(guó)分布廣泛、礦藏量大,可以作為一種潛在的鉀肥資源,以解決目前我國(guó)鉀肥資源短缺的現(xiàn)狀。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)雜鹵石的性質(zhì)及施用效果做了初步的研究,但研究?jī)?nèi)容和試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)比較簡(jiǎn)單。且對(duì)雜鹵石養(yǎng)分釋放特性、養(yǎng)分相關(guān)性及與其他市售鉀肥的差異等方面缺乏研究。基于以上問題,本研究采用土壤培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)、種子發(fā)芽試驗(yàn)以及盆栽試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方式,研究了雜鹵石的養(yǎng)分釋放、對(duì)玉米種子發(fā)芽的影響、對(duì)花生、玉米和茄子植株養(yǎng)分的吸收特性和各種養(yǎng)分間的協(xié)同效應(yīng)的影響、與市售鉀肥品種的肥效差異等內(nèi)容,從而為雜鹵石在農(nóng)業(yè)上的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.雜鹵石中所含鉀、鈣、鎂均為速效養(yǎng)分,培養(yǎng)1天后在土壤中的釋放率均達(dá)100%;雜鹵石中14%左右硫?yàn)榫徯Я?釋放率最高達(dá)86%。隨培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),部分速效養(yǎng)分被土壤膠體固定,在第28天左右土壤中各養(yǎng)分含量趨于穩(wěn)定。2.隨雜鹵石濃度升高,玉米種子萌發(fā)率、玉米芽長(zhǎng)和根長(zhǎng)均降低,玉米種子鹽害指數(shù)升高,且種子鹽害指數(shù)與其萌發(fā)率、芽長(zhǎng)和根長(zhǎng)呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。在肥料溶液濃度小于0.1%時(shí)雜鹵石處理與其他市售鉀肥處理對(duì)種子發(fā)芽影響差異不顯著,肥料溶液濃度大于0.5%時(shí)雜鹵石處理種子萌發(fā)率低于其他市售鉀肥處理,且差異顯著。3.適量施用雜鹵石,可以提高玉米、花生和茄子產(chǎn)量,促進(jìn)作物對(duì)養(yǎng)分的吸收。其中,茄子苗期和成熟期雜鹵石施肥量分別為300 kg·hm~(-2)(K_2O)和700 kg·hm~(-2)(K_2O)時(shí),茄子生物性狀的發(fā)育情況、單果重、養(yǎng)分吸收狀況等均處于較好狀態(tài);雜鹵石施肥量為100 kg·hm~(-2)(K_2O)時(shí),玉米和花生各時(shí)期植株生長(zhǎng)及養(yǎng)分吸收狀況、粒重均達(dá)最佳水平。4.在土壤培養(yǎng)期間,雜鹵石處理的土壤pH下降,土壤EC顯著升高,在培養(yǎng)第28天土壤pH穩(wěn)定在5.90左右,土壤EC穩(wěn)定在1100μS·cm-1左右。在整個(gè)土壤培養(yǎng)期間雜鹵石處理的土壤pH均顯著低于其他市售鉀肥處理,其土壤EC均顯著高于其他市售鉀肥處理。作物收獲后,隨施肥量的增加雜鹵石處理土壤pH降低,土壤EC增加,且與其他市售鉀肥處理差異顯著。5.作物收獲后,隨施肥量的增加雜鹵石處理玉米和花生土壤的鉀殘留量也隨之升高,且與對(duì)照差異顯著;茄子土壤的鉀殘留量增加趨勢(shì)不明顯,且與對(duì)照差異不顯著。
[Abstract]:Heterohalide K2CaS 2mg. [SO_4 (4.2H _ 2O) is a kind of mineral rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and so on. It is widely distributed in China and has a large amount of mineral deposits. It can be used as a potential potash fertilizer resource. In order to solve the current situation of the shortage of potash fertilizer resources in China, scholars at home and abroad have made a preliminary study on the properties and application effect of heterohalite, but the research content and experimental design are relatively simple, and the nutrient release characteristics of heterohalite are also discussed. Based on the above problems, the soil culture test, seed germination test and pot experiment were adopted in this study to study the nutrient correlation and the difference between the nutrient and other potted potted potted plants. The effects of nutrient release of heterohalite on germination of maize seeds, nutrient absorption characteristics of peanut, maize and eggplant plants and synergistic effects of various nutrients were studied. The difference of fertilizer efficiency between the varieties of potash fertilizer and that of marketable potash fertilizer provides a theoretical basis for the application of heterohalite in agriculture. The main results are as follows: 1. The potassium, calcium and magnesium contained in the mixed halogen are all available nutrients. The release rate in soil reached 100% after 1 day culture. About 14% sulfur in mixed halogen is slow available sulfur, and the highest release rate is 86%. With the extension of culture time, some available nutrients are fixed by soil colloid. On the 28th day, the nutrient content in soil tended to be stable. 2. With the increase of mixed halogen concentration, the germination rate, bud length and root length of maize seeds decreased, and the salt damage index of maize seeds increased. There was a significant negative correlation between seed salt damage index and germination rate, bud length and root length. When the concentration of fertilizer solution was less than 0.1, there was no significant difference between mixed halite treatment and other potash fertilizer treatment on seed germination. When the concentration of fertilizer solution was more than 0.5, the seed germination rate of mixed halogen treatment was lower than that of other potash fertilizer treatments, and the difference was significant. The yield of maize, peanut and eggplant could be increased by applying appropriate amount of mixed halogen. Promote the absorption of nutrients by crops. At seedling stage and mature stage of eggplant, the amount of fertilizer applied in mixed halogen was 300 kg 路hm ~ (-2) K _ 2O) and 700 kg 路hm ~ (-2) K _ 2O _ 2 respectively. The development of biological characters, single fruit weight and nutrient absorption of eggplant were in good condition. The plant growth and nutrient uptake of maize and peanut reached the optimum level of .4. during the soil culture period, when the amount of fertilizer was 100 kg 路hm ~ (-2) K _ 2O, the plant growth and nutrient absorption of maize and peanut reached the best level. Soil pH decreased and soil EC increased significantly under mixed halogen treatment, and the soil pH was stable at 5.90 on the 28th day of culture. Soil EC was stable at about 1 100 渭 S 路cm-1. Soil pH of mixed halite treatment was significantly lower than that of other potash fertilizer treatments during the whole soil culture period. Soil EC was significantly higher than that of other potash fertilizer treatments. After crop harvest, soil pH decreased and soil EC increased with the increase of fertilizer amount. After harvest, the potassium residue of maize and peanut soil increased with the increase of fertilizer amount, and the difference was significant compared with the control. The increasing trend of potassium residue in eggplant soil was not obvious, and there was no significant difference between eggplant soil and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S143.3

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