本文關(guān)鍵詞： 黃土高原 紫花苜蓿 種植年限 土壤物理性質(zhì) 水穩(wěn)性團聚體 土壤有機碳 土壤容重　出處：《中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學報》2016年11期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：西部黃土高原丘陵溝壑區(qū)是中國乃至世界上水土流失最嚴重的區(qū)域,以禾谷類作物單播為主的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)和過度耕作是引致水土流失的最主要原因。紫花苜蓿作為優(yōu)良豆科牧草,在區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整中發(fā)揮著重要作用。因此,本研究通過設(shè)置在隴中黃土高原半干旱區(qū)的長期定位試驗,以苜蓿草地(3 a、10 a、12 a)和農(nóng)田(馬鈴薯地)為主要研究對象,探討了土壤物理性質(zhì)對于苜蓿種植年限的響應(yīng),為黃土高原雨養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)紫花苜蓿適宜種植年限的選擇及苜蓿草地的可持續(xù)利用提供科學依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明,隨著紫花苜蓿種植年限的加長,土壤表層呈容重降低、孔隙度增加的變化趨勢,而下部土層變化不明顯。苜蓿種植可以提高耕層0~30 cm土壤0.25 mm水穩(wěn)性團聚體含量、平均重量直徑(MWD)和幾何平均直徑(GMD),同時降低團聚體破壞率(PAD),且隨種植年限的延長效果愈加明顯。苜蓿種植一定年限后土壤總有機碳(TOC)和易氧化有機碳(ROOC)與農(nóng)田差異明顯,其中種植苜蓿土壤易氧化有機碳占總有機碳的比例為44%~57%,農(nóng)田土壤易氧化有機碳比例占52%~68%,表明種植苜蓿不僅提高了土壤總有機碳含量,且改變了土壤有機碳的組成比例。與農(nóng)田相比,苜蓿種植可改善土壤水分入滲性能,表現(xiàn)為隨種植年限的延長呈現(xiàn)先增加后降低的趨勢。黃土高原溝壑區(qū)種植苜�？梢愿纳仆寥烙袡C質(zhì)形態(tài)和物理結(jié)構(gòu),提高土壤滲透能力,但苜蓿種植年限以10 a為宜,10 a之后應(yīng)該進行輪作換茬以維持雨養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The hilly and gully region of the western Loess Plateau is the most serious area of soil and water loss in China and the world. The main cause of soil and water loss is the traditional agricultural production system and overcultivation of cereal crops. Alfalfa is an excellent legume forage. It plays an important role in the construction of regional ecological environment and the adjustment of industrial structure. Therefore, through the long-term positioning experiment in semi-arid region of Longzhong Loess Plateau, the alfalfa grassland is used for 10 years. 12 a) and farmland (potato field) as the main research objects, the response of soil physical properties to alfalfa planting years was discussed. It provides scientific basis for the selection of suitable planting years of alfalfa and the sustainable utilization of alfalfa grassland in the rain-fed agricultural system of the Loess Plateau. The results show that with the increase of alfalfa planting years. The surface layer of the soil decreased in bulk density and the porosity increased, but the change of the lower soil layer was not obvious. Alfalfa planting could increase the content of 0.25mm water stable aggregate in 0 ~ 30cm soil. Mean weight diameters (MWD) and geometric mean diameters (GMD), while reducing the failure rate of aggregates (PAD). The effect of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and oxidized organic carbon (ROOC) after alfalfa planting for a certain number of years was more obvious than that in farmland. The percentage of oxidized organic carbon in alfalfa soil was 447.The ratio of easy oxidized organic carbon in cropland soil accounted for 52%. The results showed that planting alfalfa not only increased the content of soil organic carbon, but also changed the proportion of soil organic carbon. Compared with farmland, alfalfa planting could improve soil moisture infiltration performance. Alfalfa planting in the gully region of the Loess Plateau can improve the morphology and physical structure of soil organic matter and increase soil permeability. However, after 10 years of alfalfa planting, rotation should be carried out to maintain the sustainable development of rain-fed agricultural system.
【作者單位】： 甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學資源與環(huán)境學院;甘肅省干旱生境作物學重點實驗室;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(41461067,31171513) 國家科技支撐計劃項目(2012BAD14B03) 甘肅省財政廳高�；究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費項目(037-041014)資助~~
【分類號】：S152;S541.9
【正文快照】： 羅珠珠,主要從事土壤生態(tài)方面的研究。E-mail:luozz@gsau.edu.cn*This study supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41461067,31171513),the National Key Technologies RDProgram of China(2012BAD14B03)and the Fundamental Research Funds of t

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