本文關鍵詞： 磷化氫 水稻田 根際 酶活性 磷利用率　出處：《華南理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：磷是土壤環(huán)境中最重要的營養(yǎng)元素之一,在植物生長和生命物質循環(huán)中占有重要位置。目前,土壤磷素不足已然成為限制世界農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要因素,而對于我國,問題尤為嚴重。研究作為土壤磷循環(huán)中氣相載體的磷化氫,對于解決土壤磷匱乏這一問題有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。磷化氫,是一種還原性磷化合物。開展水稻濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中磷化氫對水稻植株根際過程的研究,弄清水稻田中磷化氫與環(huán)境因子的關系,闡述磷化氫對水稻根際土壤磷利用效率的影響,對全面系統(tǒng)探討磷化氫在水稻田磷循環(huán)中的作用、揭示農(nóng)作物生長的環(huán)境生態(tài)效應、采取科學有效的控制措施均具有重要的指導意義。本研究以稻田濕地中磷化氫為研究對象,采用微宇宙室內(nèi)模擬的方法,以p H值、氧化還原電位、溫度、Fe2+含量、Mn2+含量為土壤化學性質指標,以磷酸酶、脲酶、轉化酶、脫氫酶為土壤微生物指標、以土壤中基質結合態(tài)磷化氫(MBP)、Hedley磷分級、有效磷(AP)以及水稻植株生物量、根系活力和植物磷為評價磷利用效率指標,研究不同濃度磷化氫對水稻根際土壤性質以及有效磷的影響。主要研究結果如下:(1)一定濃度的磷化氫,能夠導致根際土壤p H明顯下降,而非根際土壤中p H的變化不明顯。磷化氫對氧化還原電位(Eh)的影響與p H不同,磷化氫的處理,使水稻根際與非根際土壤的Eh均增大。Fe2+、Mn2+同作為還原性物質,磷化氫對水稻根際與非根際土壤Fe2+、Mn2+的影響具有相似性。(2)磷化氫處理對于土壤中的酶活性沒有有害影響,相反地,在本研究中觀察到磷化氫對于土壤酶活性有積極的影響,而且根際土壤的酶活性普遍要比非根際土壤的酶活性要高,表現(xiàn)出明顯的根際效應。(3)一定濃度的磷化氫能夠對土壤磷表現(xiàn)出活化效應。另外,磷化氫濃度越高,根際土壤中的有效磷含量也越高。所以,水稻田中高濃度的磷化氫通過影響水稻植株的根際效應,可能對磷利用率有積極的影響。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrient elements in soil environment, which plays an important role in plant growth and life matter cycle. At present, phosphorus deficiency in soil has become an important factor restricting the development of agriculture in the world. For our country, the problem is especially serious. The study of phosphine, as the gas phase carrier in the soil phosphorus cycle, has important theoretical and practical significance to solve the problem of soil phosphorus deficiency. It is a kind of reducing phosphorus compound. The relationship between phosphine and environmental factors in rice paddy field was investigated by studying the rhizosphere process of rice plants by phosphine in rice wetland ecosystem. The effect of phosphine on phosphorus utilization efficiency in rice rhizosphere soil was expounded, and the role of phosphine in phosphorus cycling in paddy field was systematically discussed, and the environmental and ecological effects of crop growth were revealed. It is of great significance to take scientific and effective control measures. In this study, phosphine in paddy wetland was used as research object, microcosmos simulation method was used, pH value, redox potential and temperature were used. The content of Fe2 was regarded as soil chemical property index, with phosphatase, urease, invertase, dehydrogenase as soil microbial index, and matrix bound phosphine phosphate as soil microbial index. Hedley P classification, available P P), biomass of rice plants, root activity and plant phosphorus were used to evaluate P use efficiency. The effects of different concentrations of phosphine on the properties and available phosphorus of rice rhizosphere soil were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) A certain concentration of phosphine could lead to a significant decrease of pH in rhizosphere soil. The effect of phosphine on the redox potential (Eh) was different from that of pH and the treatment of phosphine. The content of Eh in rice rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil was increased. Fe2Mn2 was used as reducing material, and phosphine was applied to Fe2 of rice rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. The effect of Mn2 was similar. 2) phosphine treatment had no harmful effect on enzyme activity in soil. On the contrary, it was observed that phosphine had a positive effect on soil enzyme activity. And the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil was generally higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil, showing obvious rhizosphere effect. The higher the concentration of phosphine, the higher the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the high concentration of phosphine in paddy field may have a positive effect on phosphorus utilization by affecting the rhizosphere effect of rice plants.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S153.6;S511

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