本文關(guān)鍵詞： 小麥 西瓜生長(zhǎng) 超顯微結(jié)構(gòu) 西瓜枯萎病 根際微生物 芽孢桿菌　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,設(shè)施蔬菜已逐漸形成規(guī)�；蛯I(yè)化生產(chǎn),由于耕地面積的限制和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的驅(qū)使,設(shè)施內(nèi)蔬菜種植出現(xiàn)連續(xù)復(fù)種,指數(shù)在不斷提高,種植品種比較單一,隨之而來的設(shè)施蔬菜連作障礙的產(chǎn)生,連作常導(dǎo)致蔬菜作物產(chǎn)生病蟲害,植株提早老化,產(chǎn)量也降低,品質(zhì)也顯現(xiàn)降低趨勢(shì)。西瓜是設(shè)施園藝的主栽種類之一,連作障礙問題嚴(yán)重制約著西瓜產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。目前,為了解決西瓜連作障礙,尤其是西瓜連作導(dǎo)致的西瓜枯萎病害,人們不斷對(duì)其產(chǎn)生機(jī)理進(jìn)行探索研究,這一問題已被列為當(dāng)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中急需解決的課題。有研究表明麥類作物與瓜類作物伴生,或利用小麥殘茬能夠有效的緩解瓜類連作障礙。 本試驗(yàn)研究了兩種小麥殘茬對(duì)連作西瓜形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo)、生理指標(biāo)以及根尖內(nèi)部超顯微結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,應(yīng)用稀釋平板法來測(cè)定本試驗(yàn)中處理植株根際土壤微生物數(shù)量的變化,并通過Real-time PCR對(duì)西瓜根際土壤中功能微生物芽孢桿菌和西瓜�；图怄哏牭毒臄�(shù)量進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明： 1、D123和D125處理對(duì)西瓜植株的株高、莖粗和鮮重均有一定的促進(jìn)作用,但D125處理在定植第40d時(shí)西瓜植株株高顯著高于對(duì)照；在定植第30d、40d時(shí)D125處理的鮮重顯著高于對(duì)照。在西瓜定植第20d時(shí),處理植株的根系活力低于對(duì)照,其中D125處理與對(duì)照差異顯著；在定植30d時(shí),兩個(gè)處理組植株的根系活力高于對(duì)照,但差異基本不顯著。從試驗(yàn)植株根尖的超顯微結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出,D125處理細(xì)胞生命特征強(qiáng)于對(duì)照和D123處理,且D125處理的西瓜植株根系總長(zhǎng)度和總體積顯著高于對(duì)照。 2、不同品種小麥殘茬處理后的西瓜植株發(fā)病情況不同,D123處理的發(fā)病率和病情指數(shù)高于D125處理和對(duì)照,而D125處理的西瓜枯萎病發(fā)病率和病情指數(shù)表現(xiàn)出均低于對(duì)照。 3、施入小麥殘茬后,隨著西瓜植株的生長(zhǎng),土壤pH呈增加趨勢(shì)；D125處理土壤的EC值隨著植株生長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),D123處理土壤的EC值變化趨勢(shì)與D125相反。 4、隨著西瓜植株的生長(zhǎng),兩個(gè)處理和對(duì)照根際土壤中真菌、細(xì)菌和尖孢鐮刀菌的數(shù)量呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),且各時(shí)期處理的測(cè)定值均也高于對(duì)照,定植30d時(shí)處理和對(duì)照間差異已經(jīng)達(dá)到顯著水平。 5、隨著西瓜植株不斷的生長(zhǎng),處理組根際土壤中芽孢桿菌的數(shù)量均高于對(duì)照,在定植30d時(shí)達(dá)到顯著差異;隨著植株的生長(zhǎng),處理和對(duì)照根際土壤中西瓜專化型尖孢鐮刀菌的數(shù)量均呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),但各時(shí)期處理的病原菌的數(shù)量均低于對(duì)照,且在定值后第40d時(shí)達(dá)到顯著差異。
[Abstract]:Along with the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, the facility vegetable has gradually formed the large-scale and specialized production, because of the cultivated land area limit and the economic benefit drive, the facility vegetable planting appears the continuous multiple cropping. The index is increasing, the planting variety is relatively single, followed by the establishment of continuous vegetable cropping obstacles, continuous cropping often lead to vegetable crops to produce pests and diseases, early aging plants, yield is also reduced. Watermelon is one of the main planting species in protected horticulture, and the problem of continuous cropping seriously restricts the sustainable development of watermelon industry. At present, in order to solve the problem of watermelon continuous cropping obstacles. In particular, watermelon wilt caused by continuous cropping, people continue to explore the mechanism of its production. This problem has been listed as an urgent problem in contemporary agricultural production. Some studies have shown that wheat crops can be associated with melon crops or wheat residues can effectively alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping of melons. The effects of two wheat residues on the morphological and physiological indexes of continuous cropping watermelon and the ultramicrostructure of root tip were studied in this experiment. Dilution plate method was used to determine the changes of microbes in rhizosphere soil treated in this experiment. The number of functional microorganism Bacillus and watermelon specific Fusarium oxysporum in rhizosphere soil of watermelon were analyzed by Real-time PCR. The results showed that: 1the plant height, stem diameter and fresh weight of watermelon were promoted by D123 and D125 treatments, but the plant height of D125 treatment was significantly higher than that of the control at the 40th day of planting. The fresh weight of D125 treatment was significantly higher than that of the control on the 30th day of planting, and the root activity of the treatment was lower than that of the control at the 20th day of planting, and the difference between the D125 treatment and the control was significant. The root activity of the two treatment groups was higher than that of the control at 30 days, but the difference was not significant. The ultrastructure of the root tip of the experimental plant could be seen. The cell life characteristics of D125 treatment were stronger than those of control and D123 treatments, and the total root length and volume of D125 treatment were significantly higher than that of control. 2. The incidence and disease index of watermelon treated with different wheat residues were higher than that of D125 and control. The incidence and disease index of watermelon wilt treated with D 125 were lower than that of control. (3) with the growth of watermelon plants, soil pH increased with the application of wheat stubble. The EC value of soil treated with D125 increased with the growth of plant. The change trend of EC value of soil treated with D123 was opposite to that of D125. 4. With the growth of watermelon plants, the number of fungi, bacteria and Fusarium oxysporum in rhizosphere soil of two treatments and control showed an increasing trend, and the measured values of each treatment were also higher than that of the control. The difference between treatment and control reached significant level at 30 days after colonization. 5. With the continuous growth of watermelon plants, the number of Bacillus in rhizosphere soil of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group, and reached a significant difference at 30 days after planting. With the plant growth, the number of watermelon specific Fusarium oxysporum in the rhizosphere soil of treatment and control showed an increasing trend, but the number of pathogens treated in each stage was lower than that of the control. The difference was significant at 40 days after the value was fixed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：S512.1;S651

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