本文關(guān)鍵詞：松嫩平原作物布局對氣候變化的響應(yīng)　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 氣候變化 作物識別 作物布局 響應(yīng) 松嫩平原

【摘要】：自然條件的變化是影響農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵性因素之一,20世紀以來,全球平均氣溫升高所帶來的環(huán)境效應(yīng)引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。在氣候趨暖的大背景下,我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件發(fā)生了顯著改變,原有的作物布局和種植結(jié)構(gòu)難以適應(yīng)當前的氣候環(huán)境和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的需要,伴隨而來的是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定性降低、作物產(chǎn)量波動增大以及農(nóng)業(yè)成本增加等一系列問題。為了適應(yīng)這一變化,人們愈加關(guān)注農(nóng)業(yè)氣候的變化對糧食生產(chǎn)的作用和影響,如何積極響應(yīng)氣候變化所帶來的負面效應(yīng),調(diào)整現(xiàn)有的作物布局、種植數(shù)量和結(jié)構(gòu),充分利用氣候資源提高作物產(chǎn)量已成為當前農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)亟待解決的問題松嫩平原研究區(qū)位于我國黑龍江省西南部,是省內(nèi)重要的商品糧基地,同時也是對溫度變化反應(yīng)最為敏感的地區(qū)之一。本文以RS和GIS作為主要技術(shù)平臺和手段,通過采集多時相遙感數(shù)據(jù),合成研究區(qū)2000年、2006年和2010年三個時間序列的遙感影像,使用N-D Visualizer工具提取作物波譜,并運用波譜角分類方法對研究區(qū)內(nèi)大豆、玉米兩類主要糧食作物進行分類識別,分析兩種作物近10年來種植布局的變化;以縣域為單元,選取作物單位播種面積與研究時段內(nèi)該地區(qū)的溫度、熱量、降水等氣候要素為指標建立作物布局與氣候的相關(guān)關(guān)系,從時間和空間兩方面分析作物布局對氣候變化的響應(yīng),最后根據(jù)氣候變化趨勢對作物布局的調(diào)整提出針對性的建議,為種植制度的改進和完善提供科學依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)2000年至2010年,研究區(qū)生長季日平均氣溫度整體上升了1℃,≥10℃積溫整體上升了267℃,生長季日平均氣溫度、生長季≥10℃積溫均表現(xiàn)出由北向南逐漸升高的空間變化;在作物生長季內(nèi),降水總體呈波動上升趨勢,在空間上自西向東逐漸增加、由北向南逐漸遞減,空間分布不均,但有較為顯著的分布規(guī)律及區(qū)域差異。(2)隨著氣候的整體變暖,大豆、玉米兩種主要農(nóng)作物的種植面積和布局均發(fā)生了較大改變。從種植面積來看,這10年內(nèi)兩種作物的種植面積分別增長了近2倍,種植結(jié)構(gòu)在同一區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)具有此消彼長的特點;從種植布局來看,研究區(qū)作物種植范圍逐漸向北推移,其中大豆的種植界線整體向北移動約1.5個緯度,玉米的適種范圍擴大,氣候變暖對研究區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的作物而言,總體向著有利于作物生長的方向發(fā)展。(3)根據(jù)相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果,氣候變暖對玉米的種植較為有利,隨著松嫩平原南部日平均氣溫度和積溫的升高,玉米的主要種植區(qū)由原來的南部向西南轉(zhuǎn)移,過高的溫度并不適合大豆生長發(fā)育,2000年至2010年這10年間,隨著氣溫的顯著升高,大豆的主要種植區(qū)由松嫩平原中部向北轉(zhuǎn)移,松嫩平原最北端的黑河地區(qū)逐漸成為大豆的主要主要種植區(qū)。由此可見,隨著氣候的逐漸變暖,研究區(qū)兩種主要糧食作物種植范圍總體向北推移,且種植面積逐漸增大,然而在現(xiàn)有耕地面積的制約下,作物種植面積在達到一定數(shù)量后將無法繼續(xù)增加,因此通過調(diào)整作物布局來提高農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值,將成為提高耕地利用率的有力手段和方法。
[Abstract]:Natural condition is one of the key factors of agricultural production, since twentieth Century, the global average temperature increase of environmental effect caused by people's attention. In the background of the trend of climate warming, significant changes occurred in China's agricultural production conditions, crop planting structure and layout of the original is difficult to adapt to the need of current climate and agriculture development, accompanied by the decreased stability of agriculture, increasing crop yield and increase the cost of agriculture in a series of problems. In order to adapt to this change, people pay more attention to the change of agricultural climate and impact on food production, how to actively respond to the negative effects of climate change, the adjustment of the existing the crop planting layout, quantity and structure, make full use of climate resources to improve crop production has become the current agricultural production problems to be solved in the tender pine flat The study area is located in the southwest part of Heilongjiang province of China, is an important commodity grain base in the province, but also the response to temperature change is one of the most sensitive areas. This paper takes RS and GIS as the main technology platform and means, through the acquisition of multitemporal remote sensing data of 2000 synthetic research area, remote sensing images in 2006 and 2010 three time sequence, using N-D Visualizer tool to extract crop spectrum, and use in the research area of soybean spectral angle classification method, two kinds of main crops are corn classification, analysis of the changes of two kinds of crop planting layout in recent 10 years; the county as a unit, the temperature, the area of the selected crop sown area and the study period in the heat, correlation between precipitation and climate index for crop establishment layout, layout analysis of crop response to climate change from two aspects of time and space, according to the gas The climate change trend to adjust crop layout suggestions, provide scientific basis for improving and perfecting the system of planting. The results show that: (1) from 2000 to 2010, the study area, the average temperature in the whole growth season has risen 1 degrees Celsius, more than 10 overall accumulated temperature has risen 267 degrees Celsius, the average daily growth season the gas temperature, growing season of more than 10 DEG C temperature showed spatial variation increased gradually from north to South; in the crop growing season, precipitation fluctuated overall upward trend, in the space from the west to the east gradually increased, gradually decreasing from north to south, the uneven spatial distribution, but there are differences in regional distribution and more significant. (2) with the overall climate warming, the main crops of corn soybean, two kinds of planting area and the layout change. From the view of two kinds of crop planting area, the planting area of 10 years respectively, an increase of nearly 2 times, in the planting structure The same region has one characteristic; from planting layout view, the study area of crop planting area is gradually northward, the soybean planting line overall moving northward about 1.5 latitudes, suitable for corn range expansion, climate warming in the study area within the scope of the matter, overall conducive towards crop growth direction development. (3) according to the results of correlation analysis, climate warming on corn planting is more favorable, with the increase in the Songnen Plain of southern daily average air temperature and temperature, the main planting area of Maize by the transfer of the original South South West, high temperature is not suitable for the growth of soybean, the 10 years from 2000 to 2010, with the significant warming, the main planting area of soybean transferred from the central North Songnen Plain of Songnen Plain, the northernmost region of Heihe has gradually become the main soybean planting area thus. With the gradual warming of the climate, the two major grain crops planting area overall study area northward, and the planting area increased gradually, however in the control area of the existing cultivated land, crop planting area after a certain number will not continue to increase, so the adjustment of the layout of crops to increase agricultural output value, will become a powerful means of improving and methods for the utilization of land.

【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S162

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