本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于能值分析的定西市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展評價　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：定西市位于甘肅省中部,地貌型態(tài)復(fù)雜、氣候干旱少雨,水資源嚴(yán)重缺乏,水土流失嚴(yán)重,自然災(zāi)害頻繁,是全國典型的生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)。農(nóng)業(yè)特別是種植業(yè)是定西市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展直接關(guān)系到該地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境的安危。農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)作為農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ),資源的高效利用、種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的合理高產(chǎn)決定著農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。因而定量評價定西市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有重要價值。本文運用能值分析理論,對定西市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能值投入產(chǎn)出結(jié)構(gòu)、資源利用效率和可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進行分析和評價,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)2001-2014年,定西市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)總的能值投入呈逐年增長趨勢,由2001年的3.67×1021sej增長到2014年的4.61×1021sej,增幅為25.78%。環(huán)境資源貢獻率較大且呈下降趨勢�？偟哪苤低度胍暂o助能為主,不可更新的工業(yè)輔助能投入中,化肥的能值投入最大,平均比重高達91.77%;可更新的有機能投入中,人力和畜力投入較大,平均比重分別為63.82%和23.14%,其中畜力的能值投入在逐年減少。系統(tǒng)能值投入密度和能值投入率均呈增長趨勢。研究表明,定西市農(nóng)田生產(chǎn)中經(jīng)濟投入所占比重越來越大,機械化程度有所增加,對自然環(huán)境的依賴程度越來越低,系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力在不斷下降�？臻g上,各縣(區(qū))農(nóng)田生態(tài)系能值投入結(jié)構(gòu)差異顯著,臨洮縣和安定區(qū)等社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展較好的縣(區(qū))能值投入具有明顯優(yōu)勢。(2)2001-2014年,定西市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)總的能值產(chǎn)出整體呈增長趨勢,由2001年的1.55×1021sej增長到2014年的2.58×1021sej,增幅為68.09%。系統(tǒng)能值產(chǎn)出密度呈增長趨勢,增幅為66.96%。主要能值產(chǎn)出作物有玉米、薯類、藥材、小麥、油料和豆類。研究期間,玉米、薯類、藥材的能值產(chǎn)出呈增長趨勢,其中玉米增加了8.38倍;小麥、油料、豆類的能值產(chǎn)出呈下降趨勢;甜菜、水果、蔬菜、瓜類的能值產(chǎn)出比重較小。種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)均衡度指數(shù)基本保持穩(wěn)定,平均值為1.72。研究表明,定西市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)力水平在逐年提高�？臻g上,各縣(區(qū))農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能值產(chǎn)出密度差異顯著,漳縣和岷縣較高,生產(chǎn)力水平相對較好;其它縣(區(qū))較低,生產(chǎn)力水平相對較低。各縣(區(qū))在不同種植作物上形成了各自的規(guī)模效率優(yōu)勢。(3)2001-2014年,定西市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)資源利用效率較低,凈能值產(chǎn)出率平均值為0.53,能值總產(chǎn)出遠低于輔助能能值投入,系統(tǒng)一直處于“虧損”狀態(tài),農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在市場上沒有競爭力�？臻g上,各縣(區(qū))凈能值產(chǎn)出率差異顯著,漳縣最高為1.03大于1,其它縣(區(qū))均小于1。說明漳縣能值產(chǎn)出超過了輔助能投入,資源利用效率較高;其它縣(區(qū))資源利用效率較低,呈高投入低產(chǎn)出的生產(chǎn)狀況。研究表明,灌溉水、有機肥、化肥和農(nóng)業(yè)機械對系統(tǒng)的能值產(chǎn)出具有顯著影響,環(huán)境資源和畜力呈負相關(guān)影響,說明定西市土地貧瘠,需要不斷從系統(tǒng)外補充能量,在未來的農(nóng)田生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)加大有機肥和農(nóng)業(yè)機械化投入,盡可能創(chuàng)造有利的灌溉條件對農(nóng)田進行灌溉。(4)2001-2014年,定西市農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展指數(shù)總體呈下降趨勢,研究末期有所回升,但均小于1,屬消費型生態(tài)經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng),可持續(xù)發(fā)展力較弱。環(huán)境負載率指數(shù)均小于3,環(huán)境壓力較小,但持續(xù)增長趨勢表明,環(huán)境壓力將會不斷增大�？臻g上,各縣(區(qū))系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展指數(shù)差異明顯,漳縣和岷縣大于1,可持續(xù)發(fā)展力較強;臨洮縣、安定區(qū)、渭源縣、隴西縣和通渭縣均小于1,可持續(xù)發(fā)展力較弱。系統(tǒng)的綜合發(fā)展水平呈“南部—中部—北部”遞減趨勢的地理分布。強、弱、不協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展型區(qū)域的農(nóng)田面積分別占全市農(nóng)田總面積14.44%、49.46%和36.10%。
[Abstract]:Dingxi city is located in central Gansu Province, landform type complex, climate drought, serious lack of water resources, serious soil erosion, frequent natural disasters, is the typical eco fragile region. Especially agricultural farming is the foundation of economic development in Dingxi City, the sustainable development of agriculture is directly related to the safety of the ecological environment in the region. The farmland ecological system as the basis of agricultural economy, efficient use of resources, the reasonable high yield planting structure determines the stable development of the agricultural economy. Thus the quantitative evaluation of farmland ecosystem in Dingxi has important value. This paper uses the theory of emergy analysis of Dingxi farmland ecosystem emergy input-output structure, resource utilization efficiency and sustainable development status analysis and evaluation, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) 2001-2014 years, Dingxi farmland ecosystem, total emergy input and a growth trend year by year, by 2 3.67 001 years of growth in 2014 to 4.61 * 1021sej * 1021sej, an increase of 25.78%. contribution of environmental resources is larger and the downward trend. The total energy input to auxiliary energy, industrial auxiliary non renewable energy input, fertilizer energy input, the average proportion of up to 91.77%; the organic energy input update in the human and animal into a larger, the average proportion was 63.82% and 23.14%, the animal energy input in decreasing year by year. Emergy input density and emergy investment ratio showed an increasing trend. The study shows that the economic operation in Dingxi city of agricultural production in the proportion of more and more big, the degree of mechanization has increase of the natural environment depends on more and more low, the sustainable development ability of the system is on the decline. The space, counties (districts) of farmland ecosystem emergy input structure difference, the social and economic development of Lintao county and Anding District etc. The county (District) emergy investment has obvious advantages. (2) 2001-2014 years, Dingxi farmland ecosystem total emergy output showed an overall growth trend, from 2001 1.55 to 2014 growth of 2.58 * 1021sej * 1021sej, an increase of emergy density increased as the 68.09%. system, an increase of 66.96%. the emergy output of crops are corn, wheat, potato, herbs, oil and beans. During the study, corn, potato, herbs can output a growing trend, the corn increased by 8.38 times; wheat, oil, beans emergy output decreased; beet, fruit, vegetable, melon and emergy output a smaller proportion. The planting structure evenness index remained stable, the average for the 1.72. study, the level of productivity of farmland ecosystem in Dingxi increased year by year. Space, counties (districts) of farmland ecosystem emergy density difference, and Zhangxian Minxian high, productivity level is relatively good; other county (District) is relatively low, relatively low level of productivity. The counties (districts) in different crops on the formation of the advantages of scale efficiency of each. (3) 2001-2014 years, Dingxi farmland ecosystem, resource utilization efficiency is low, the net energy output rate average 0.53, the total output value can be far lower than the auxiliary energy input, the system has been in a state of "loss", agricultural products are not competitive in the market. The space, counties (districts) the net energy output rate significantly, up to 1.03 more than 1 Zhang county, other counties (districts) were less than 1. indicating Zhangxian energy output exceeds the auxiliary energy input, resource utilization efficiency is high; the other county (District) resource utilization efficiency is low, the production condition is high input and low output. The results show that irrigation water, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and agricultural machinery on the system can significantly affect the output, environmental resources And the animal was negatively correlated, indicating that Dingxi's barren land, the need to constantly replenish energy from outside the system, in the future should increase investment in agricultural production of organic fertilizer and agricultural mechanization, as much as possible to create favorable conditions for irrigation of farmland irrigation. (4) 2001-2014, set the sustainable development index, farmland ecological system a downward trend, but rebounded at the end of the study, were less than 1, the system of ecological economy is consumption, sustainable development is weak. The environmental load rate index was less than 3, less pressure on the environment, but the continued growth trend shows that the environmental pressure will continue to increase. The space, county (District) system of sustainable development index is significantly different, Zhang county and Minxian more than 1, a strong force of sustainable development; Lintao County, Anding District, Weiyuan County, Longxi county and Tongwei county were less than 1, sustainable development is weak. The comprehensive development level of the system is "South The geographical distribution of the declining trend in the middle and the north. The farmland area of the strong, weak and uncoordinated development areas accounts for 14.44%, 49.46% and 36.10%. of the total area of the whole city's farmland, respectively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S181

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