本文關(guān)鍵詞：黃土高原土石山區(qū)土壤密度的坡面變化——以六盤山香水河小流域為例　出處：《林業(yè)科學(xué)研究》2016年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 土壤密度 坡面變化 坡面異質(zhì)性 六盤山

【摘要】：[目的]土壤密度是最基本的森林土壤水文物理性質(zhì)參數(shù),為了定量描述土壤密度隨坡位的變化和影響因素,研究不同坡面土壤密度的空間異質(zhì)性。[方法]在寧夏六盤山半濕潤區(qū)香水河小流域,選擇華北落葉松人工林和天然灌叢2個典型坡面,按坡位從上到下設(shè)置連續(xù)樣地。2014年進行了森林土壤調(diào)查,在樣地內(nèi)掘土壤剖面,采用環(huán)刀法,分層測定土壤密度。[結(jié)果]在1 m深土層內(nèi),土壤密度(Y,g.cm-3)隨土層(X,cm)加深呈線性增大,擬合關(guān)系式:華北落葉松坡面為Y1=0.755 5+0.007 7X(R2=0.99),天然灌叢坡面為Y2=0.919 5+0.004 7X(R2=0.98),其原因包括植被根系活動、土壤生物活動、礫石含量等的土層差異;在2個坡面上,0 100 cm土層平均土壤密度均有明顯坡位差異,且2個坡面的沿坡整體變化趨勢不相同,華北落葉松坡面從坡頂?shù)狡履_是先逐漸增大,后趨于穩(wěn)定;天然灌叢坡面從坡頂?shù)狡履_是"增大-減小-增大"的趨勢,不同土層土壤密度的坡面變化也各不相同。在華北落葉松林坡面引起土壤密度坡位差異的主要原因是海拔,而在天然灌叢坡面是植物生長狀況;2個坡面的土壤密度平均值均出現(xiàn)在相對坡長的0.4 0.5處。坡面上各樣地的平均土壤密度和坡面平均值的差值(Z,g.cm-3)隨相對水平坡長(樣地離開坡頂水平距離和整個坡面水平坡長的比)(X,m)變化的回歸關(guān)系式分別為:華北落葉松坡面Z1=-0.139X2+0.25X-0.080 1(R2=0.93),天然灌叢坡面Z2=0.494 4X3-0.767 2X2+0.340 3X-0.040 5(R2=0.95)。[結(jié)論]華北落葉松林坡面和天然灌叢坡面的土壤密度都存在明顯的坡位變化,但變化格局和主要影響因素不同。基于土壤密度坡面變化的擬合關(guān)系,可實現(xiàn)從特定坡位測定值推算坡面平均值的尺度轉(zhuǎn)換。
[Abstract]:[Objective] soil density is the most basic hydrophysical property parameter of forest soil. In order to quantitatively describe the variation and influence factors of soil density with slope position, the spatial heterogeneity of soil density on different slopes was studied. [Methods] two typical slopes of Larix gmelini plantation and natural shrub were selected in Xiangshuihe small watershed of Liupanshan sub-humid area in Ningxia. In 2014, a forest soil survey was carried out. Soil profile was excavated in the sample, and soil density was determined by means of circular knife method. [Results] in 1 m deep soil layer, the soil density (YC 路cm-3) increased linearly with the deepening of the soil layer (X ~ (+) C ~ (m-3)). The fitting formula is Y1C 0.755 5 0.007 7 XC R2N 0.99) on the slope of Larix gmelinii. The natural shrub slope is Y2N 0.919 5 0.004 7XC R2N 0.98, which is caused by the difference of soil layer such as vegetation root activity, soil biological activity, gravel content and so on. The average soil density of 0 100 cm soil layer on two slopes had obvious slope position difference, and the overall variation trend of the two slopes along the slope was different, and the slope of North China Larch gradually increased from the top to the foot of the slope. Then it tends to be stable; The natural shrub slope from the top to the foot of the slope is the trend of "increase-decrease-increase". The variation of soil density in different soil layers is also different. The main reason for the difference of soil density slope is elevation, while in natural shrub slope, plant growth is the main reason. The average soil density of the two slopes was 0.4 0.5 relative to the slope length, and the difference between the average soil density on the slope and the average value of the slope was Z. G.cm-3) with the relative horizontal slope length (the ratio of the horizontal distance from the slope top to the horizontal slope length of the whole slope). M) the regression equation of the variation is Z1 + -0.139X2 0.25X-0.0801 (R2N) 0.93 on the slope of Larix gmelinii. Natural thicket slope Z2N 0.494 4X3-0.767 2X2 0.340 3X-0.040 5C R2O 0.95. [Conclusion: the soil density of Larix gmelini forest and natural shrub slope has obvious slope position change, but the change pattern and main influencing factors are different, based on the fitting relation of soil density slope change. The scale conversion of the mean value of the slope surface can be realized from the measured value of the specific slope position.
【作者單位】： 北京林業(yè)大學(xué)水土保持學(xué)院;中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院森林生態(tài)環(huán)境與保護研究所國家林業(yè)局森林生態(tài)環(huán)境重點實驗室;中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué);
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41390461,41471029,41230852) 科技部科技基礎(chǔ)性工作專項(2014FY120700);科技部“十二·五”農(nóng)村領(lǐng)域國家科技計劃(2012BAD22B030102) 國家林業(yè)局寧夏六盤山森林生態(tài)站和寧夏回族自治區(qū)生態(tài)修復(fù)與多功能林業(yè)綜合研究中心資助
【分類號】：S152
【正文快照】： 土壤密度是土壤最基本的一個物理性狀,它對土壤的透氣性、入滲性能、持水能力、溶質(zhì)遷移及抗蝕能力都具有重要影響[1-5]。土壤密度受到氣候、母巖、地形、植被和土壤生物以及成土?xí)r間等多個因素的影響。因此,在環(huán)境條件存在差異的坡面上,必然存在土壤密度的坡位差異,且具有一

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