本文關(guān)鍵詞：耕作方式和秸桿還田對(duì)纖維素降解細(xì)菌多樣性的影響　出處：《土壤學(xué)報(bào)》2016年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 免耕 秸稈還田 纖維素降解細(xì)菌 多樣性 PCR-RFLP

【摘要】：免耕和秸稈還田是培肥地力的重要措施,明確其對(duì)土壤纖維素降解細(xì)菌群落的影響對(duì)于土壤質(zhì)量提升具有重要意義。選擇中國(guó)科學(xué)院封丘農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)國(guó)家試驗(yàn)站耕作秸稈還田(WtS)、免耕秸稈還田(WntS)、耕作秸稈不還田(Wt)和免耕秸稈不還田(Wnt)4種處理小區(qū)并采集土壤樣品,用CMC-Na剛果紅培養(yǎng)基對(duì)纖維素降解細(xì)菌計(jì)數(shù),采用PCR-RFLP技術(shù)研究保護(hù)性耕作和秸稈還田對(duì)纖維素降解細(xì)菌群落的影響。結(jié)果表明,秸稈還田與免耕處理均不同程度提高了纖維素降解細(xì)菌數(shù)量。WtS、WntS、Wt和Wnt4個(gè)纖維素降解細(xì)菌基因文庫(kù)中,OTUs數(shù)量分別為23、26、20和19個(gè),秸稈還田加免耕處理多樣性指數(shù)最高。本文獲得的纖維素降解細(xì)菌共屬于11個(gè)屬,秸稈還田土壤中Streptomycetaceae、Flavobacterium、Sphingobium相對(duì)豐度明顯多于秸稈不還田處理土壤;免耕處理土壤中Pseudomonas、Phyllobacterium、Paenibacillus、Promicromonosporaceae、Sphingobacterium相對(duì)豐度明顯高于耕作處理土壤。典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析顯示四種處理纖維素降解細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了較大變化,p H、全磷、有機(jī)碳和全鉀與免耕處理呈顯著正相關(guān)性,全氮、堿解氮、速效鉀、速效磷和有機(jī)碳與秸稈還田處理呈顯著正相關(guān)性。免耕和秸稈還田能提高土壤中纖維素降解細(xì)菌數(shù)量及多樣性,改變纖維素降解細(xì)菌群落結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:No-tillage and straw returning to the field are important measures to increase fertility. It is of great significance to improve soil quality by determining its effect on soil cellulose degradation bacteria community. Select the National Experimental Station of Fengqiu Agroecology of Chinese Academy of Sciences to return straw to field WtSs). No tillage straw returned to field WNT Sn, tillage straw did not return to field Wt) and no tillage straw did not return to field WntN 4 kinds of treatment plots and collected soil samples. The cellulose-degrading bacteria were counted in CMC-Na Congo red medium. The effects of conservation tillage and straw returning on the cellulose-degrading bacteria community were studied by PCR-RFLP technique. Straw returning and no-tillage treatments increased the number of cellulose-degrading bacteria in different degree. The number of OTUs was 23 in the gene library of cellulose degrading bacteria (WtSX WntSN Wt and Wnt4), respectively. The diversity index of 20 and 19 straw returning treatments with no-tillage treatment was the highest. The cellulose degrading bacteria obtained in this paper belong to 11 genera. The relative abundance of Streptomycetaceaeus Flavobacteriumum Sphingobium in straw returning soil was significantly higher than that in soil without straw treatment. Pseudomonas spp. Phyllobacterium Paenibacillus. Promicromonosporaceae. The relative abundance of Sphingobacterium was significantly higher than that of tillage treatment soil. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the community structure of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the four treatments had changed greatly. Organic carbon and total potassium were positively correlated with no-tillage treatment, including total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium. There was a significant positive correlation between available phosphorus and organic carbon and straw returning treatment, which could increase the number and diversity of cellulose degrading bacteria in soil and change the community structure of cellulose degrading bacteria.
【作者單位】： 南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院/農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境微生物工程重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;封丘農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)國(guó)家試驗(yàn)站土壤與農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(中國(guó)科學(xué)院南京土壤研究所);
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011CB100504) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41371262,41471239)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S345;S141.4
【正文快照】： 纖維素是一類重要的生物高聚物,占植物干重的30%~50%[1],它們隨植物殘?bào)w進(jìn)入土壤后,為土壤微生物生長(zhǎng)和繁殖提供豐富的碳源。不同種屬的微生物產(chǎn)生不同的酶系[2],因而不同微生物來(lái)源的酶所催化的有機(jī)底物特異性有很大差別[3];此外,由于土壤中存在的纖維素種類繁多、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜和

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