本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用水安全的分區(qū)及發(fā)展對(duì)策　出處：《中國(guó)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào)》2016年10期 　論文類型：期刊論文

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【摘要】：針對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用水區(qū)域差異特點(diǎn),選擇水資源狀況、農(nóng)業(yè)用水特征、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件等4個(gè)方面的10個(gè)指標(biāo),采用聚類分析方法,以2013年為基準(zhǔn)年對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用水進(jìn)行分區(qū),為我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用水安全提供依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明,按照省級(jí)行政單元農(nóng)業(yè)用水可劃分為8類地區(qū),第1類地區(qū)包括江西、湖南、湖北等3省,農(nóng)業(yè)用水量和糧食產(chǎn)量分別占全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用水量和糧食產(chǎn)量的13.3%和12.5%;第2類地區(qū)包括貴州、云南、安徽、四川、重慶、廣西等6個(gè)省(直轄市、自治區(qū)),上述2個(gè)指標(biāo)分別為23.6%和20.3%;第3類地區(qū)是海南省,上述2個(gè)指標(biāo)分別為0.9%和0.3%;第4類地區(qū)包括山東、河南、河北、遼寧、山西、陜西、甘肅等7省,以占6.8%的水資源量、19.2%的農(nóng)業(yè)用水量,生產(chǎn)了33.7%的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值和32.4%的糧食;第5類地區(qū)包括吉林、黑龍江、內(nèi)蒙古等3省(自治區(qū)),以占6.9%的水資源量、12.0%的農(nóng)業(yè)用水量,生產(chǎn)了20.5%的糧食;第6類地區(qū)包括寧夏、新疆、西藏、青海等4個(gè)省(自治區(qū)),農(nóng)業(yè)用水量、糧食產(chǎn)量分別占16.2%和3.2%;第7類地區(qū)包括福建、廣東、江蘇、浙江等4省,農(nóng)業(yè)用水量和糧食產(chǎn)量占全國(guó)比例分別為19.5%和10.2%;第8類地區(qū)包括天津、上海、北京等3個(gè)直轄市,農(nóng)業(yè)用水量與糧食產(chǎn)量最低,分別占全國(guó)比例為1.1%和0.6%。第4類和第5類地區(qū)合計(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)用水量和糧食產(chǎn)量占全國(guó)比例分別為31.2%和52.9%,是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)水資源管理特別關(guān)注的地區(qū)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用水分區(qū)對(duì)策,第1類地區(qū)以節(jié)水為主;第2類地區(qū)以提高灌溉水利用系數(shù)為主;第3類地區(qū)增加有效灌溉面積;第4類地區(qū)在挖掘本地區(qū)節(jié)水潛力的前提下,通過(guò)外流域調(diào)水或水權(quán)交易增加水資源總量;第5類地區(qū)以提高農(nóng)業(yè)用水保障程度為主;第6類地區(qū)以保護(hù)水資源和水源涵養(yǎng)為主;第7類、第8類地區(qū)以提高農(nóng)業(yè)用水效益為主。本文研究結(jié)果可為我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)用水安全提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In view of the regional differences of agricultural water use in China, 10 indexes were selected, including water resources status, agricultural water use characteristics, economic development level and agricultural production conditions, and the cluster analysis method was adopted. Taking 2013 as the base year, the agricultural water use in our country is divided into 8 types, which provides the basis for the agricultural water security in China. The results show that according to the provincial administrative unit, agricultural water use can be divided into 8 kinds of areas. The first category includes Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces. The agricultural water consumption and grain yield account for 13.3% and 12.5 percent of the national agricultural water consumption and grain yield respectively. The second category includes Guizhou, Yunnan, Anhui, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi and other 6 provinces (municipality, autonomous region), the above two indexes are 23.6% and 20.3 respectively; The third type area is Hainan Province, the two indexes mentioned above are 0.9% and 0.3 respectively. The fourth category includes Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other seven provinces, accounting for 6.8% of the amount of water resources or 19.2% of agricultural water consumption. 33.7% of the agricultural output value and 32.4% of the grain production; The fifth category includes Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other three provinces (autonomous region), which produce 20.5% grain with the amount of water resources accounting for 6.9% and 12.0% of agricultural water consumption. The sixth category includes Ningxia, Xinjiang, Tibet and Qinghai. The agricultural water consumption and grain yield account for 16.2% and 3.2 respectively. The seventh category includes Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The proportion of agricultural water consumption and grain production in China is 19.5% and 10.2 respectively. The eighth category includes Tianjin, Shanghai, Beijing and other municipalities directly under the Central Government, with the lowest agricultural water consumption and grain yield. The proportion of agricultural water consumption and grain production in the fourth and fifth categories were 31.2% and 52.9% respectively. On the basis of this, the zoning countermeasures of agricultural water use in our country are put forward, the first type is mainly water-saving. In the second category, increasing the utilization coefficient of irrigation water is the main factor. (3) increase the effective irrigation area in the area of category 3; On the premise of excavating the potential of water saving in this area, the fourth kind of area increases the total amount of water resources through the transfer of water or the trade of water rights in the outer watersheds; The fifth type is mainly to improve the degree of agricultural water security; Protection of water resources and conservation of water resources are the main areas of category 6; The research results of this paper can provide scientific basis for agricultural water security in China.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)人民大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)村發(fā)展學(xué)院;云南省大理州農(nóng)業(yè)局;中國(guó)科學(xué)院遺傳與發(fā)育生物學(xué)研究所農(nóng)業(yè)資源研究中心;
【基金】：國(guó)家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項(xiàng)(2012ZX07501-001) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)水資源重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放基金項(xiàng)目(KF311201303081)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：F323.213
【正文快照】： *This work was supported by the National Science Major Project of Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2012ZX07501-001)and the OpenFund of the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KF311201303081).Corresponding autho

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